| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 467.19 KB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O jejum intermitente (JI) refere-se a um conjunto de padrões alimentares em que a ingestão calórica é interrompida por longos períodos, recorrentemente e propositadamente. Os tipos de JI mais frequentes são o jejum em dias alternados (JDA), a restrição horária da alimentação (RHA) e o 2/5, consistindo em jejum completo 2 dias por semana, com 5 dias a comer ad libitum. Atualmente, é cada vez mais comum a aderência a este tipo de regime alimentar, baseando-se este fenómeno na ainda escassa evidência disponível, maioritariamente derivada de estudos em ratinhos, que aponta ao JI efeitos metabólicos sobreponíveis, ou até superiores, à restrição calórica (RC). A literatura disponível aponta dois mecanismos major como responsáveis por estes efeitos metabólicos: uma “troca metabólica”, em que o organismo troca o seu substrato preferencial, glucose, por lípidos; e a termogénese adaptativa, com aumento do gasto energético basal. Esta revisão narrativa da literatura tem como principal objetivo reunir a evidência existente mais relevante sobre os reais mecanismos e efeitos metabólicos exclusivos do JI. Pretende-se também averiguar a potencialidade do JI enquanto intervenção não farmacológica em doenças metabólicas, com foco na obesidade e na diabetes mellitus tipo II. Considerando a prevalência destas doenças metabólicas e as suas implicações para a saúde pública, salienta-se a importância de investir e aperfeiçoar a investigação nesta área, sendo prioritário encontrar novas formas seguras e eficazes de combater estas doenças.
Intermittent fasting (IF) refers to a set of eating patterns in which one withdrawals from calorie ingestion for long periods of time, repeatedly and purposefully. The most common IF regimens are alternate day fasting (ADF), time-restricted feeding (TRF) and 2/5, consisting of 2 days of fasting per week, with the remaining 5 days with ad libitum feeding. Currently, there’s been a rise in the adherence to this type of feeding regimes, caused by the still spare evidence, mainly derived from studies on mouse models, that attribute overlapping or even superior metabolic effects to IF, when compared to caloric restriction (CR). The available literature suggests two main mechanisms through which IF operates: a “metabolic switch”, with the organism changing its preferential substrate from glucose to lipids; and adaptative thermogenesis, causing an increase in basal energy expenditure. This narrative review of literature aims to gather the most relevant existing evidence on the actual mechanism and metabolic effects of IF. It also intends to investigate IF’s potential as a non-pharmacological intervention in metabolic diseases, particularly obesity and type II diabetes. Taking into consideration the prevalence of these metabolic conditions and its public health implications, the urgency in investing and perfecting the investigation on this topic is clear, as finding new safe and effective ways to treat these conditions is crucial.
Intermittent fasting (IF) refers to a set of eating patterns in which one withdrawals from calorie ingestion for long periods of time, repeatedly and purposefully. The most common IF regimens are alternate day fasting (ADF), time-restricted feeding (TRF) and 2/5, consisting of 2 days of fasting per week, with the remaining 5 days with ad libitum feeding. Currently, there’s been a rise in the adherence to this type of feeding regimes, caused by the still spare evidence, mainly derived from studies on mouse models, that attribute overlapping or even superior metabolic effects to IF, when compared to caloric restriction (CR). The available literature suggests two main mechanisms through which IF operates: a “metabolic switch”, with the organism changing its preferential substrate from glucose to lipids; and adaptative thermogenesis, causing an increase in basal energy expenditure. This narrative review of literature aims to gather the most relevant existing evidence on the actual mechanism and metabolic effects of IF. It also intends to investigate IF’s potential as a non-pharmacological intervention in metabolic diseases, particularly obesity and type II diabetes. Taking into consideration the prevalence of these metabolic conditions and its public health implications, the urgency in investing and perfecting the investigation on this topic is clear, as finding new safe and effective ways to treat these conditions is crucial.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019
Palavras-chave
Jejum intermitente Ciclo circadiano Termogénese adaptativa Obesidade Diabetes Nutrição
