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Characterization of the wood mycobiome of Vitis vinifera in a vineyard affected by Esca. Spatial distribution of fungal communities and their putative relation with leaf symptoms
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Esca is a disease complex belonging to the grapevine trunk diseases cluster. It
comprises five syndromes, three main fungal pathogenic agents and several symptoms,
both internal (i.e., affecting woody tissue) and external (e.g., affecting leaves and
bunches). The etiology and epidemiology of this disease complex remain, in part,
unclear. Some of the points that are still under discussion concern the sudden
rise in disease incidence, the simultaneous presence of multiple wood pathogens in
affected grapevines, the causal agents and the discontinuity in time of leaf symptoms
manifestation. The standard approach to the study of esca has been mostly through
culture-dependent studies, yet, leaving many questions unanswered. In this study, we
used Illumina R
next-generation amplicon sequencing to investigate the mycobiome
of grapevines wood in a vineyard with history of esca. We characterized the wood
mycobiome composition, investigated the spatial dynamics of the fungal communities
in different areas of the stem and in canes, and assessed the putative link between
mycobiome and leaf symptoms. An unprecedented diversity of fungi is presented (289
taxa), including five genera reported for the first time in association with grapevines
wood (Debaryomyces, Trematosphaeria, Biatriospora, Lopadostoma, and Malassezia)
and numerous hitherto unreported species. Esca-associated fungi Phaeomoniella
chlamydospora and Fomitiporia sp. dominate the fungal community, and numerous
other fungi associated with wood syndromes are also encountered (e.g., Eutypa spp.,
Inonotus hispidus). The spatial analysis revealed differences in diversity, evenness
and taxa abundances, the unique presence of certain fungi in specific areas of
the plants, and tissue specificity. Lastly, the mycobiome composition of the woody
tissue in proximity to leaves manifesting ‘tiger stripes’ symptoms of esca, as well
as in leaf-symptomatic canes, was highly similar to that of plants not exhibiting any leaf symptomatology. This observation supports the current understanding that leaf
symptoms are not directly linked with the fungal communities in the wood. This work
builds to the understanding of the microbial ecology of the grapevines wood, offering
insights and a critical view on the current knowledge of the etiology of esca
Descrição
Original Research
Palavras-chave
Vitis vinifera microbial ecology matabarcoding mycobiome Esca disease grapevine trunk diseases
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Del Frari G, Gobbi A, Aggerbeck MR, Oliveira H, Hansen LH and Ferreira RB (2019) Characterization of the Wood Mycobiome of Vitis vinifera in a Vineyard Affected by Esca. Spatial Distribution of Fungal Communities and Their Putative Relation With Leaf Symptoms. Front. Plant Sci. 10:910
Editora
Michele Perazzoli, Fondazione Edmundo Mach, Italy