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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação pretende apresentar uma descrição da atual posição estratégica da Aliança instituída pelo Tratado do Atlântico Norte – considerada ser a Aliança militar mais bem-sucedida de sempre – e através dessa descrição entender como uma institução que no final da Guerra Fria tinha perdido o seu “raison d'être”, conseguiu adaptar-se a um novo ambiente de segurança caracterizado pela imergência de novas ameaças cada vez mais complexas e globais. Além disso, pretendemos também traçar os possíveis rumos que a Aliança pode vir a tomar num futuro próximo, tendo em conta não só a atual posição estratégica da Aliança como a evolução do ambiente de segurança internacional.
Neste sentido, na Parte I da presente dissertação, será desenhada uma visão geral sobre a Aliança e o Tratado que a instituiu, focada nas raízes históricas, no conteúdo e natureza jurídica do Tratado do Atlântico Norte e na estrutura institucional da Aliança.
Consecutivamente, a Parte II pretende traçar a posição estratégica da Aliança no século XXI, posição construída através de três grandes pilares: os novos desafios da defesa coletiva; as parcerias e relações de cooperação com Estados fora da área transatlântica e outras Organizações Internacionais; e as especiais relações com a Rússia. No que se refere ao primeiro pilar, pretendemos conjugar a evolução dos desafios da segurança e os novos desafios com o artigo 5º do Tratado do Atlântico Norte. Já no que se refere ao segundo pilar, pretendemos apresentar as parcerias e as relações de cooperação da Aliança como o novo normal. Por fim, no que se refere, ao terceiro pilar, pretendemos delinear a evolução das relações entre a Aliança e a Rússia de forma a realçar a especificidade desta relação.
Por fim, a Parte III pretende esboçar um possível retrato daquilo que será o futuro da Aliança, com base na atual posição da Aliança em cena internacional exposta na Parte II.
This thesis intends to present a description of the current strategic position of the Alliance established by the North Atlantic Treaty – considered to be the most successful military alliances in history – and through this description, understand how an institution that at the end of the Cold War had lost its "raison d'être", has been able to adapt to a new security environment characterized by new and increasingly complex global threats. In addition, we also intend to outline the possible directions that the Alliance may take in the near future, taking into account not only the current strategic position of the Alliance but also the evolution of the international security environment. In this sense, in Part I of this thesis, an overview of the Alliance and the Treaty establishing it will be drawn, focusing on the historical roots, content and legal nature of the North Atlantic Treaty and the institutional structure of the Alliance. Consequently, Part II aims to outline the strategic position of the Alliance in the 21st century, a position built on three main pillars: the new challenges of collective defense; partnerships and cooperative relations with States outside the transatlantic area and other International Organizations; and the special relations with Russia. With regard to the first pillar, we want to combine the evolution of the security challenges and the new challenges with Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty. As far as the second pillar is concerned, we intend to present the Alliance's partnerships and cooperation relations as the new normal. Finally, with regard to the third pillar, we intend to outline the evolution of relations between the Alliance and Russia in order to highlight the specificity of this relationship. Finally, Part III aims to sketch a possible picture of what the future of the Alliance will be, based on the Alliance's current position on the international stage set out in Part II.
This thesis intends to present a description of the current strategic position of the Alliance established by the North Atlantic Treaty – considered to be the most successful military alliances in history – and through this description, understand how an institution that at the end of the Cold War had lost its "raison d'être", has been able to adapt to a new security environment characterized by new and increasingly complex global threats. In addition, we also intend to outline the possible directions that the Alliance may take in the near future, taking into account not only the current strategic position of the Alliance but also the evolution of the international security environment. In this sense, in Part I of this thesis, an overview of the Alliance and the Treaty establishing it will be drawn, focusing on the historical roots, content and legal nature of the North Atlantic Treaty and the institutional structure of the Alliance. Consequently, Part II aims to outline the strategic position of the Alliance in the 21st century, a position built on three main pillars: the new challenges of collective defense; partnerships and cooperative relations with States outside the transatlantic area and other International Organizations; and the special relations with Russia. With regard to the first pillar, we want to combine the evolution of the security challenges and the new challenges with Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty. As far as the second pillar is concerned, we intend to present the Alliance's partnerships and cooperation relations as the new normal. Finally, with regard to the third pillar, we intend to outline the evolution of relations between the Alliance and Russia in order to highlight the specificity of this relationship. Finally, Part III aims to sketch a possible picture of what the future of the Alliance will be, based on the Alliance's current position on the international stage set out in Part II.
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Keywords
Relações internacionais NATO Aliança transatlântica Defesa coletiva Cooperação Futuro Teses de mestrado - 2019