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Poderes de cognição do judiciário e inteligência artificial na produção de decisões judiciais
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Resumo(s)
A presente tese aborda a possibilidade de um processo judicial ser julgado por um juiz automatizado. Os desenvolvimentos tecnológicos recentes em inteligência artificial trouxeram avanços na implementação da tecnologia no sistema judiciário, de forma a automatizar a atividade judicial em vários aspectos. O uso da tecnologia no sistema judicial e na substituição de actos judiciais realizados por humanos, exige uma análise detalhada sobre o funcionamento dos sistemas de inteligência artificial e a seu potencial em reproduzir com eficiência o raciocínio judicial. Assim, o presente estudo procura responder se será o juiz automatizado viável. Para alcançar uma resposta, são apresentados os diferentes elementos do raciocínio judicial, a começar por uma investigação sobre os seus pressupostos (a linguagem e a lógica). Alguns dos recentes avanços da neurociência e da psicologia comportamental demonstram como funciona o cérebro humano, e, portanto, o do juiz humano, comparando-o com o funcionamento da inteligência artificial das máquinas. Neste sentido, para além das possibilidades do uso da inteligência artificial apontadas para a advocacia, a exemplo da jurimetria e da análise de inúmeros dados, a tecnologia também é tida como solução auxiliar para os tribunais de justiça, tanto nas atividades hodiernas como no julgamento de casos. O artigo investiga a viabilidade da possibilidade de delegação da tarefa da decisão judicial dos humanos para o computador. Para isso, é feita uma análise dos pressupostos normativos, desde a análise dos factos e das provas até o momento da fundamentação da decisão judicial, e apresentação das ferramentas automatizadas e os vieses algorítmicos que são utilizados pela IA. No entanto, cumpre estabelecer critérios que possam aglutinar as novas tecnologias com as habilidades humanas pré-existentes, sem violar os direitos fundamentais e da personalidade do jurisdicionado, incluídos todos os membros participantes da seara processual, como advogados, magistrados e servidores.
This thesis addresses the possibility of a legal case being judged by na automated judge.Recent technological developments in artificial intelligence have brought advances in the implementation of technology in the judicial system,in order to automate judicial activity in several aspects.The use of technology in the judicial system and in replacing judicial acts performed by humans requires a detailed analysis of the functioning of artificial intelligence systems and their potential to efficiently reproduce judicial reasoning.Therefore, the presente study seeks to answer whether the automated judge will beviable.To reach ananswer,the diferente elements of judicial reasoning are presented,starting with na investigation into its assumptions(language and logic).Some of there centadvances in neuroscience and behavior al psychology demonstrate how the human brain works,and therefore of the human judge,comparing it with the functioning of artificial intelligence in machines. In this sense,inaddition to the possibilities of using artificial intelligence pointed out for law,such as jurimetrics and the analysis of countless data,the technology is also seen as na auxiliary solution for courts of justice, both in today's activities and in the trial of cases.The article investigates the feasibility of delegating the task of judicial decision-making from humans to the computer. To this end,na analysis of normative assumptions is made, from the analysis of facts and evidence to the moment of justifying the judicial decision,and presentation of the automated tools and algorithmic biases that are used byAI.However, it is necessary to establish criteria that can combine new technologies with pre-existing human skills, without violating the fundamenta lrights and personality of those under jurisdiction, including all members participating in the procedural field, such as lawyers, magistrates and civilservants.
This thesis addresses the possibility of a legal case being judged by na automated judge.Recent technological developments in artificial intelligence have brought advances in the implementation of technology in the judicial system,in order to automate judicial activity in several aspects.The use of technology in the judicial system and in replacing judicial acts performed by humans requires a detailed analysis of the functioning of artificial intelligence systems and their potential to efficiently reproduce judicial reasoning.Therefore, the presente study seeks to answer whether the automated judge will beviable.To reach ananswer,the diferente elements of judicial reasoning are presented,starting with na investigation into its assumptions(language and logic).Some of there centadvances in neuroscience and behavior al psychology demonstrate how the human brain works,and therefore of the human judge,comparing it with the functioning of artificial intelligence in machines. In this sense,inaddition to the possibilities of using artificial intelligence pointed out for law,such as jurimetrics and the analysis of countless data,the technology is also seen as na auxiliary solution for courts of justice, both in today's activities and in the trial of cases.The article investigates the feasibility of delegating the task of judicial decision-making from humans to the computer. To this end,na analysis of normative assumptions is made, from the analysis of facts and evidence to the moment of justifying the judicial decision,and presentation of the automated tools and algorithmic biases that are used byAI.However, it is necessary to establish criteria that can combine new technologies with pre-existing human skills, without violating the fundamenta lrights and personality of those under jurisdiction, including all members participating in the procedural field, such as lawyers, magistrates and civilservants.
Descrição
Direito e Ciência Jurídica
Palavras-chave
Inteligência artificial Tomada de decisão Sistema judiciário Teses de mestrado – 2024