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Responsabilidade criminal das pessoas coletivas públicas : âmbito e limites
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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo abordar a exclusão da responsabilidade criminal das pessoas coletivas públicas, no ordenamento jurídico português, em especial no artigo 11º, n.º 2 do Código Penal (doravante designado CP).
Este trabalho divide-se em três partes.
Quanto à primeira parte desta dissertação, pretende-se analisar a introdução da responsabilidade criminal das pessoas coletivas no ordenamento jurídico penal português, em virtude da sua expressa consagração e posterior transposição para o direito interno, quer das Decisões internacionais quer da União Europeia, aprovadas neste âmbito. Aborda-se também diversos ordenamentos jurídicos europeus, onde a responsabilização das pessoas coletivas encontra provimento ou, pelo contrário, nem sequer é tida em conta.
Na segunda parte desta dissertação, propõe-se analisar a previsão da responsabilidade penal das pessoas coletivas no CP português. Inicialmente, impõe-se analisar as discrepâncias entre os regimes especiais e pretende-se referenciar as diversas teorias quanto aos critérios de imputação de responsabilidade dos entes coletivos, concluindo pelo que é adotado no ordenamento penal português. Posteriormente, será feita uma abordagem ao regime geral do artigo 11º do CP, imputando a responsabilidade criminal das pessoas coletivas, segundo diversos pressupostos, materiais ou formais.
Por fim, na terceira e última parte da dissertação, desenvolver-se-á com maior detalhe a exclusão da responsabilidade criminal das pessoas coletivas públicas, utilizando, nomeadamente, para a posição sustentada, o enquadramento provido pelo direito administrativo. Importa ainda referenciar a possível violação de diversos princípios constitucionais. Uma vez que o tema em análise gera diversos problemas de densificação quanto a diversos conceitos, considera-se fundamental recorrer a decisões da jurisprudência nacional.
The present dissertation aims to address the exclusion of criminal liability of public entities, in the Portuguese legal system, especially in article 11 no. 2 of the CP. This essay will be divided into three parts. For the first part of this dissertation, it's intended to specify the introduction of criminal liability of collective persons in the Portuguese criminal law, that is expressly consecrated and subsequent transposed into national law from the international Decisions drawn up for this purpose by the European Union. It's also addressed several European legal systems, where the liability of collective persons is foreseen or, on the contrary, not even considered. In the second part of this dissertation, it's proposed to analyze the prediction of criminal liability of legal persons in the Portuguese Penal Code. Initially it is necessary to analyze the discrepancies between the several existing special regimes. Then it's intended to refer the imputation criteria for responsibility of collective persons in the various theories, concluding with what is used in Portuguese criminal law. Subsequently, an approach will be taken to the general regime of the article 11 of the CP, imputing criminal liability of collective persons, according to different material or formal assumptions. In the third and last part of this dissertation, it will be developed with a greater detail the exclusion of criminal liability of public entities, namely using the concepts of administrative law for the supported position and the important reference to a possible violation of the constitutional principles. Since the subject under analysis generates several problems of densification between the various concepts, it is essential to use the decisions of national jurisprudence.
The present dissertation aims to address the exclusion of criminal liability of public entities, in the Portuguese legal system, especially in article 11 no. 2 of the CP. This essay will be divided into three parts. For the first part of this dissertation, it's intended to specify the introduction of criminal liability of collective persons in the Portuguese criminal law, that is expressly consecrated and subsequent transposed into national law from the international Decisions drawn up for this purpose by the European Union. It's also addressed several European legal systems, where the liability of collective persons is foreseen or, on the contrary, not even considered. In the second part of this dissertation, it's proposed to analyze the prediction of criminal liability of legal persons in the Portuguese Penal Code. Initially it is necessary to analyze the discrepancies between the several existing special regimes. Then it's intended to refer the imputation criteria for responsibility of collective persons in the various theories, concluding with what is used in Portuguese criminal law. Subsequently, an approach will be taken to the general regime of the article 11 of the CP, imputing criminal liability of collective persons, according to different material or formal assumptions. In the third and last part of this dissertation, it will be developed with a greater detail the exclusion of criminal liability of public entities, namely using the concepts of administrative law for the supported position and the important reference to a possible violation of the constitutional principles. Since the subject under analysis generates several problems of densification between the various concepts, it is essential to use the decisions of national jurisprudence.
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Keywords
Direito penal Responsabilidade criminal Entidades públicas Pessoas coletivas Jurisprudência Portugal Teses de mestrado - 2020