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Concurso entre o risco próprio do veículo e a culpa do lesado nos acidentes de viação
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A presente investigação analisa algumas das questões controversas relativas à responsabilidade civil decorrente dos acidentes de viação. Partindo da eventual sujeição da circulação rodoviária ao regime das atividades perigosas, passamos por uma breve menção à possível aplicação da presunção de culpa que vincula o comissário a todos os condutores. Sem prejuízo de analisarmos todas as causas de exclusão da responsabilidade pelos danos causados por veículos, o núcleo central desta investigação versa sobre a culpa do lesado em confronto com o risco do veículo. Examinamos de que modo a doutrina e a jurisprudência desempenham um papel determinante na consagração da “tese atualista” do concurso entre os dois tipos de imputação - culpa e risco -, harmonizando os princípios estruturantes da responsabilidade civil: a reparação integral do dano, a justiça distributiva e a equidade. Temos presente que, em pleno século XXI, não se afigura suficiente constatar somente os riscos próprios do veículo. É essencial distinguir o risco normal de circulação dos riscos agravados. Adicionalmente, na justa composição dos litígios rodoviários, assume particular relevância o Direito da União Europeia. Identificamos alguns reenvios prejudiciais submetidos ao Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia, de modo a constatar a tensão dogmática entre a competência dos EM´s para definirem o seu regime interno de responsabilidade civil e a obrigação de interpretação conforme com o Direito da União Europeia. Por fim, destacamos o papel de Direito dos Seguros na tutela indemnizatória atribuída às vítimas de acidentes rodoviários.
In this thesis, we analyze some controversial issues related to civil liability arising from road traffic accidents. Starting from the potential classification of road traffic under the regime of dangerous activities, we mention briefly the possible application of the fault presumption that binds the principal to all drivers.While considering all grounds for excluding liability for vehicle damage, this research primarily focuses on the victim's fault and the risks posed by the vehicle. We examine how legal doctrine and case law play a crucial role in supporting the "actualist theory" of the concurrence between these two types of attribution - fault and risk -, harmonizing the fundamental principles of civil liability: full compensation for damage, distributive justice, and equity. Recognizing that simply identifying a vehicle's inherent risks in the 21st century is not enough, we distinguish between normal traffic risks and aggravated risks. Additionally, due to the relevant importance played by European Union law in the fair resolution of traffic disputes, we mention some preliminary rulings submitted to its Court of Justice. They highlight the doctrinal tension between Member States' authority to define their internal civil liability regimes and the obligation to interpret them in conformity with EU law. Finally, we emphasize the role of Insurance Law in providing compensation protection to victims of road accidents.
In this thesis, we analyze some controversial issues related to civil liability arising from road traffic accidents. Starting from the potential classification of road traffic under the regime of dangerous activities, we mention briefly the possible application of the fault presumption that binds the principal to all drivers.While considering all grounds for excluding liability for vehicle damage, this research primarily focuses on the victim's fault and the risks posed by the vehicle. We examine how legal doctrine and case law play a crucial role in supporting the "actualist theory" of the concurrence between these two types of attribution - fault and risk -, harmonizing the fundamental principles of civil liability: full compensation for damage, distributive justice, and equity. Recognizing that simply identifying a vehicle's inherent risks in the 21st century is not enough, we distinguish between normal traffic risks and aggravated risks. Additionally, due to the relevant importance played by European Union law in the fair resolution of traffic disputes, we mention some preliminary rulings submitted to its Court of Justice. They highlight the doctrinal tension between Member States' authority to define their internal civil liability regimes and the obligation to interpret them in conformity with EU law. Finally, we emphasize the role of Insurance Law in providing compensation protection to victims of road accidents.
Descrição
Direito e Prática Jurídica
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Responsabilidade civil Responsabilidade objetiva Acidentes de viação Responsabilidade pelo risco Risco Culpa do lesado Direito da União Europeia Teses de mestrado - 2026