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O consumo de produtos tóxicos na gravidez : tabaco, álcool e drogas
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Resumo(s)
A dependência da nicotina, do álcool e de outras substâncias psicoativas durante a gravidez é um problema grave no mundo inteiro, com consequências para a grávida, feto e recém-nascido. Os cuidados em saúde materna têm vindo a ter uma importância cada vez maior nos últimos anos, principalmente na prevenção de patologias na grávida, feto e recém-nascido. Tem-se verificado grandes melhorias nas taxas de morbilidade e mortalidade materna, neonatal e infantil o que é revelador das corretas e adequadas medidas adotadas. Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar as melhores práticas a nível nacional e internacional e listar um conjunto de recomendações e intervenções adequadas e eficazes no período pré-concecional, durante a gravidez e no período pósparto. As principais estratégias devem passar por intervenções nas diversas áreas de prevenção, como também na prevenção ambiental, recentemente desenvolvida, em que a atuação será dirigida a nível das normas sociais com a finalidade de alterar os ambientes culturais, sociais, físicos e económicos que interferem com as escolhas individuais e consumo de substâncias psicoativas. É igualmente necessário melhorar as técnicas de investigação pois uma das grandes lacunas identificada nos estudos realizados é não conseguirem isolar os efeitos nocivos para cada tipo de consumo devido a associação confirmada de policonsumo na maioria dos casos.
The dependence of nicotine, alcohol and other psychoactive substances during Pregnancy is a severe problem worldwide, with consequences for the pregnant, embryo and new-born. Maternal health care has become increasingly important in recent years, especially in the prevention of pathologies in the pregnant, embryo and new-born. There have been great improvements in maternal, neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality rates, which is revealing of the correct and adequate measures adopted. This paper aims to identify best practices at the national and international level and to list a set of adequate and effective recommendations and interventions in the preconceptional period, during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. The main strategies should be interventions in the various areas of prevention, as well as in the recently developed environmental prevention, in which the action will be directed at social norms in order to change the cultural, social, physical and economic environments that interfere with Individual choices and consumption of psychoactive substances. It is also necessary to improve research techniques because one of the major gaps identified in the studies carried out is that they cannot isolate the harmful effects for each type of consumption because of the confirmed association of polydrug use in most cases.
The dependence of nicotine, alcohol and other psychoactive substances during Pregnancy is a severe problem worldwide, with consequences for the pregnant, embryo and new-born. Maternal health care has become increasingly important in recent years, especially in the prevention of pathologies in the pregnant, embryo and new-born. There have been great improvements in maternal, neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality rates, which is revealing of the correct and adequate measures adopted. This paper aims to identify best practices at the national and international level and to list a set of adequate and effective recommendations and interventions in the preconceptional period, during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. The main strategies should be interventions in the various areas of prevention, as well as in the recently developed environmental prevention, in which the action will be directed at social norms in order to change the cultural, social, physical and economic environments that interfere with Individual choices and consumption of psychoactive substances. It is also necessary to improve research techniques because one of the major gaps identified in the studies carried out is that they cannot isolate the harmful effects for each type of consumption because of the confirmed association of polydrug use in most cases.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2017
Palavras-chave
Gravidez Álcool Tabaco Drogas Medicina preventiva Saúde pública