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Programas de suporte a cuidadores informais de idosos e doentes crónicos : uma revisão sistemática
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Background. Com o aumento do número de cuidadores informais houve um
consequente aumento de programas de suporte. A presente revisão sistemática pretende
responder às seguintes questões: a) que design de programas existem para dar apoio, suporte
ou treino aos cuidadores informais de doentes crónicos ou de idosos; b) qual o design de
programa que demonstra maior eficácia nos cuidadores informais de doentes crónicos ou de
idosos.
Metodologia. A metodologia utilizada para a recolha de artigos foi a PRISMA, tendo se utilizado para a pesquisa as bases de dados EBSCO, PsycINFO, PubMed, RCAAP,
SpringerLink, Academia.Edu e Google Scholar. A recolha teve como foco todos os programas
publicados no período de 2015 a 2020. Partindo de um total de 611 artigos recolhidos, foram
incluídos na revisão sistemática 15 artigos finais para auxiliar nas respostas às nossas questões
iniciais.
Resultados. Foram revistos: 1 programa psicoeducativo, 5 programas de treino de
competências, 2 programas psicoeducativos com treino de competências, 2 programas de
intervenção psicossocial e 5 programas multicomponentes. Verificou-se que a maioria dos
cuidadores informais são mulheres com média de idades superior a 40 anos e que as variáveis
de resultados transversais aos diferentes designs de programas são a diminuição do fardo
subjetivo e da sintomatologia depressiva, sendo também estas as variáveis que sofrem
alterações favoráveis nos grupos de intervenção.
Discussão. Observou-se que os programas multicomponentes demonstravam
resultados mais promissores em diferentes necessidades dos cuidadores informais e, os
programas com menos resultados foram os programas psicoeducativos e os de intervenção
psicossocial. Uma das limitações assinaladas foi a necessidade de obter mais resultados a longo
prazo, sendo que, no geral, só se obtiveram resultados a curto e médio prazo.
Conclusões. Sugerimos, como trabalho futuro, explorar programas mais holísticos e
com maior foco nas características específicas da população de cuidadores informais.
Background. With the increase in the number of informal caregivers, there was a consequent increase in support programs. This systematic review aims to answer the following questions: a) what program design exists to provide support, support or training to informal caregivers of the chronically ill or elderly; b) which program design shows the greatest effectiveness in informal caregivers of chronically ill or elderly people. Methods. The methodology used for the collection of articles was PRISMA, using the databases EBSCO, PsycINFO, PubMed, RCAAP, SpringerLink, Academia.Edu and Google Scholar. The collection focused on all the programs published in the period from 2015 to 2020. From a total of 611 articles collected, 15 final articles were included in the systematic review to assist in answering our initial questions. Results. Were reviewed: 1 psychoeducational program, 5 skills training programs, 2 psychoeducational programs with skills training, 2 psychosocial intervention programs and 5 multicomponent programs. It was found that the majority of informal caregivers are women over the age of 40 and that the variables of results transversal to the different program designs are the reduction of the subjective burden and the depressive symptoms, which are also the variables that suffer changes in intervention groups. Discussion. It was observed that multicomponent programs showed more promising results in different needs of informal caregivers, and the programs with less results were the psychoeducational programs and the psychosocial intervention programs. One of the limitations noted was the need to obtain more results in the long term, and in general, results were only obtained in the short and medium term. Conclusions. We suggest, as future work, to explore more holistic programs with a greater focus on the specific characteristics of the informal caregiver population.
Background. With the increase in the number of informal caregivers, there was a consequent increase in support programs. This systematic review aims to answer the following questions: a) what program design exists to provide support, support or training to informal caregivers of the chronically ill or elderly; b) which program design shows the greatest effectiveness in informal caregivers of chronically ill or elderly people. Methods. The methodology used for the collection of articles was PRISMA, using the databases EBSCO, PsycINFO, PubMed, RCAAP, SpringerLink, Academia.Edu and Google Scholar. The collection focused on all the programs published in the period from 2015 to 2020. From a total of 611 articles collected, 15 final articles were included in the systematic review to assist in answering our initial questions. Results. Were reviewed: 1 psychoeducational program, 5 skills training programs, 2 psychoeducational programs with skills training, 2 psychosocial intervention programs and 5 multicomponent programs. It was found that the majority of informal caregivers are women over the age of 40 and that the variables of results transversal to the different program designs are the reduction of the subjective burden and the depressive symptoms, which are also the variables that suffer changes in intervention groups. Discussion. It was observed that multicomponent programs showed more promising results in different needs of informal caregivers, and the programs with less results were the psychoeducational programs and the psychosocial intervention programs. One of the limitations noted was the need to obtain more results in the long term, and in general, results were only obtained in the short and medium term. Conclusions. We suggest, as future work, to explore more holistic programs with a greater focus on the specific characteristics of the informal caregiver population.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Psicologia da Saúde e da Doença), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2020
Palavras-chave
Cuidador informal Idosos Doentes crónicos Teses de mestrado - 2020