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Críticas a união de fato no ordenamento jurídico angolano
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Na presente dissertação faremos uma análise crítica da união de fato no ordenamento jurídico angolano, especificamente no que diz respeito a sua equiparação ao casamento, por força do artigo 119.º do Código de Família angolano; na “exacerbada” proteção patrimonial que se confere ao unido de fato (que encontrava a sua justificação na proteção do lado mais fraco, no caso da mulher e da criança, um paradigma, que na que, hoje, por hoje, não se justifica, tendo em conta a progressiva autonomia patrimonial dos cônjuges , fruto da louvável emancipação da mulher e dos diversos mecanismos legais de proteção dos direitos da criança) que em diversas situações no ordenamento jurídico angolano, belisca a legitima dos herdeiros, principalmente os descendentes, não gerados pelo unido de fato sobrevivo, ou o que requer o reconhecimento da união de fato por rutura. O princípio da equipação consagrado no art.º 119.º do CFA que, eleva a categoria de meeira(o) o unido(a) de fato; A exceção ao atendimento da união de fato, quando não estejam reunidos todos os pressupostos do reconhecimento, unicamente para efeitos patrimoniais; O enriquecimento de um versos o empobrecimento de outro que, mais do que resolver conflitos, tem sido causa de inúmeras tragédias familiares, sem olvidar o excesso de processos judicias ( ações de reconhecimento da união de fato por morte ou por rutura) associados aos constrangimento dos seus procedimentos, tanto na vara da família quanto na do cível e administrativo ( para os prejudicados, empobrecidos, pela dificuldade da prova na participação, contribuição na criação do património. Faremos também uma observação crítica aos pressupostos, vid. art. 113.º do CFA, designadamente, o decurso de 3(três) anos de coabitação consecutiva, a singularidade e a capacidade matrimonial, que em nosso entender na forma como se ousou adaptar a união de fato, banalizou ainda mais o próprio instituto. A crítica central, reside no fato de que, apesar de terem designações diferentes, a união de fato reconhecida e o casamento, produzem os mesmos efeitos jurídicos, diferindo na forma de celebração que, em nosso entender, tal equiparação acarreta uma falta de clareza e incoerência no sistema jurídico, levantando questionamentos sobre a razão de ser da união de fato como instituto jurídico distinto. Pretendemos também compreender qual o impacto da regulamentação sobre o reconhecimento da união de fato, uma vez equiparado ao casamento na vida da população angolana, desde a sua aprovação até os tempos presentes, em que é notório o aumento da literacia jurídica que, tem levado aos mais atentos, a perceção de algumas vantagens conferidas, ao reconhecimento da união de fato, face ao casamento. Procuramos, a título exemplificativo informação acerca do número de uniões reconhecidas, nos últimos 5(cinco) anos, na capital económica do País, Província de Benguela, para aferir da eficácia dessa regulamentação entre os unidos de facto.
In this dissertation, we will conduct a critical analysis of common-law unions in the Angolan legal system, specifically with regard to their equivalence to marriage, pursuant to Article 119 of the Angolan Family Code; the “exacerbated” property protection granted to common-law partners (which was justified by the protection of the weaker party, in the case of women and children, a paradigm that no longer makes much sense today, given the commendable emancipation of women and the national and international implementation of children's rights) which, in various situations in the Angolan legal system, undermines the legitimacy of descendants, especially those not born to the surviving common-law partner, or which requires the recognition of common-law unions through dissolution. The principle of equality enshrined in Article 119 of the CFA, which elevates the common-law partner to the category of joint owner, with the exception of the recognition of the common-law union when not all the requirements are met, for patrimonial purposes, the enrichment of one versus the impoverishment of the other, which, rather than resolving conflicts, has been the cause of countless family tragedies, excessive legal proceedings (recognition of de facto unions due to death or breakup) associated with the constraints of their procedures, both in family court and in civil and administrative court (for those who are harmed, impoverished, due to the difficulty of participation, contribution to the creation of assets. We shall also make a critical observation regarding the assumptions, see Article 113 of the CFA, namely, the period of three consecutive years of cohabitation, uniqueness, and matrimonial capacity, which, in our view, in the way it dared to adapt de facto unions, further trivialized the institution itself. The central criticism lies in the fact that, despite having different names, recognized common-law unions and marriage produce the same legal effects, differing only in the form of celebration. In our view, this equivalence leads to a lack of clarity and inconsistency in the legal system, raising questions about the raison d'être of common-law unions as a distinct legal institution. We also seek to understand the impact of the regulation on the recognition of de facto unions on the lives of the Angolan population, from its approval to the present day, when there has been a notable increase in legal literacy, which has led the most attentive observers to perceive certain advantages conferred by the recognition of de facto unions over marriage. We seek, by way of example, information on the number of recognized unions in the last five years in the country's economic capital, Benguela Province, to assess the effectiveness of this regulation among common-law unions.
In this dissertation, we will conduct a critical analysis of common-law unions in the Angolan legal system, specifically with regard to their equivalence to marriage, pursuant to Article 119 of the Angolan Family Code; the “exacerbated” property protection granted to common-law partners (which was justified by the protection of the weaker party, in the case of women and children, a paradigm that no longer makes much sense today, given the commendable emancipation of women and the national and international implementation of children's rights) which, in various situations in the Angolan legal system, undermines the legitimacy of descendants, especially those not born to the surviving common-law partner, or which requires the recognition of common-law unions through dissolution. The principle of equality enshrined in Article 119 of the CFA, which elevates the common-law partner to the category of joint owner, with the exception of the recognition of the common-law union when not all the requirements are met, for patrimonial purposes, the enrichment of one versus the impoverishment of the other, which, rather than resolving conflicts, has been the cause of countless family tragedies, excessive legal proceedings (recognition of de facto unions due to death or breakup) associated with the constraints of their procedures, both in family court and in civil and administrative court (for those who are harmed, impoverished, due to the difficulty of participation, contribution to the creation of assets. We shall also make a critical observation regarding the assumptions, see Article 113 of the CFA, namely, the period of three consecutive years of cohabitation, uniqueness, and matrimonial capacity, which, in our view, in the way it dared to adapt de facto unions, further trivialized the institution itself. The central criticism lies in the fact that, despite having different names, recognized common-law unions and marriage produce the same legal effects, differing only in the form of celebration. In our view, this equivalence leads to a lack of clarity and inconsistency in the legal system, raising questions about the raison d'être of common-law unions as a distinct legal institution. We also seek to understand the impact of the regulation on the recognition of de facto unions on the lives of the Angolan population, from its approval to the present day, when there has been a notable increase in legal literacy, which has led the most attentive observers to perceive certain advantages conferred by the recognition of de facto unions over marriage. We seek, by way of example, information on the number of recognized unions in the last five years in the country's economic capital, Benguela Province, to assess the effectiveness of this regulation among common-law unions.
Descrição
Direito e Prática Jurídica
Palavras-chave
União de facto Casamento Ordenamento jurídico Angola Teses de mestrado – 2026