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Abordagens terapêuticas na menopausa
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Resumo(s)
A menopausa é um marco natural na vida da mulher, caracterizado pela cessação da função
ovárica e término permanente da menstruação. Durante esta fase, ocorrem alterações
hormonais significativas, incluindo a diminuição dos níveis de estrogénio e progesterona, o
que leva ao aparecimento de sinais e sintomas, como afrontamentos, sudorese noturna,
alterações de humor e secura vaginal, entre outros. O diagnóstico é feito após a ausência de
menstruação durante 12 meses consecutivos.
As abordagens terapêuticas para a menopausa são variadas. As intervenções não
farmacológicas incluem ajustes na nutrição, o uso de suplementos alimentares e mudanças no
estilo de vida, assim como a prática regular de exercício físico. A terapêutica farmacológica
pode envolver a terapia de substituição hormonal ou medicamentos não-hormonais, como os
antidepressivos. Apesar de ser eficaz na redução dos sintomas vasomotores e na prevenção da
osteoporose, a terapia de substituição hormonal requer uma análise cuidadosa devido aos
potenciais riscos. No entanto, esta opção terapêutica não deve deixar de ser tida em conta,
mas sim ser ponderada de forma crítica e individual, tendo em consideração os riscos e
benefícios para a mulher.
A literacia sobre a menopausa na população geral é frequentemente inadequada, o que pode
dificultar a adaptação a esta etapa. Neste contexto, o farmacêutico desempenha um papel
crucial na educação, aconselhamento e suporte contínuo às mulheres que estão a passar por
este período. No ambiente da farmácia comunitária, cabe aos farmacêuticos ajudar na
identificação de sintomas, esclarecimento de dúvidas sobre as opções terapêuticas e promoção
de estratégias de autocuidado.
Nenhuma mulher deve passar por este período, com sintomatologia, sem aconselhamento de
um profissional de saúde. Existem inúmeras opções terapêuticas para atender às diferentes
necessidades. Deve ser feita uma abordagem integrada, combinando intervenções
farmacológicas e não farmacológicas. Associado a esta, uma maior educação sobre a
menopausa é essencial para melhorar a qualidade de vida das mulheres durante e após a
transição para a menopausa. O envolvimento ativo dos farmacêuticos é fundamental em cada
etapa do processo.
The menopause is a natural milestone in a woman's life, characterized by the cessation of ovarian function and the permanent cessation of menstruation. During this phase, significant hormonal changes occur, including a decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels, which leads to the appearance of signs and symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, mood swings and vaginal dryness, among others. The diagnosis is made after the absence of menstruation for 12 consecutive months. There are several therapeutic approaches to the menopause. Non-pharmacological interventions include nutrition adjustments, the use of dietary supplements and lifestyle changes, as well as regular physical exercise. Pharmacological therapy can involve hormone replacement therapy or non-hormonal drugs, such as antidepressants. Despite being effective in reducing vasomotor symptoms and preventing osteoporosis, hormone replacement therapy requires careful consideration due to the potential risks. However, this therapeutic option should not be disregarded but should be critically and individually evaluated, taking into account the risks and benefits for women. Literacy about the menopause in the general population is often inadequate, which can make it difficult to adapt to this stage. In this context, pharmacists play a crucial role in educating, counseling and providing ongoing support to women going through this period. In the community pharmacy setting, it is up to pharmacists to help identify symptoms, clarify doubts about therapeutic options and promote self-care strategies. No woman should go through this period, with symptoms, without advice from a health professional. There are numerous therapeutic options to meet different needs. An integrated approach should be taken, combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Associated with this, greater education about the menopause is essential to improve women's quality of life during and after the transition to menopause. The active involvement of pharmacists is fundamental at every stage of the process.
The menopause is a natural milestone in a woman's life, characterized by the cessation of ovarian function and the permanent cessation of menstruation. During this phase, significant hormonal changes occur, including a decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels, which leads to the appearance of signs and symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, mood swings and vaginal dryness, among others. The diagnosis is made after the absence of menstruation for 12 consecutive months. There are several therapeutic approaches to the menopause. Non-pharmacological interventions include nutrition adjustments, the use of dietary supplements and lifestyle changes, as well as regular physical exercise. Pharmacological therapy can involve hormone replacement therapy or non-hormonal drugs, such as antidepressants. Despite being effective in reducing vasomotor symptoms and preventing osteoporosis, hormone replacement therapy requires careful consideration due to the potential risks. However, this therapeutic option should not be disregarded but should be critically and individually evaluated, taking into account the risks and benefits for women. Literacy about the menopause in the general population is often inadequate, which can make it difficult to adapt to this stage. In this context, pharmacists play a crucial role in educating, counseling and providing ongoing support to women going through this period. In the community pharmacy setting, it is up to pharmacists to help identify symptoms, clarify doubts about therapeutic options and promote self-care strategies. No woman should go through this period, with symptoms, without advice from a health professional. There are numerous therapeutic options to meet different needs. An integrated approach should be taken, combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Associated with this, greater education about the menopause is essential to improve women's quality of life during and after the transition to menopause. The active involvement of pharmacists is fundamental at every stage of the process.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Menopausa Terapêutica de substituição hormonal Literacia na menopausa Alterações hormonais Menstruação Mestrado integrado - 2024