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Influência da capacidade funcional e meio ecológico nos sentimentos de bem-estar subjectivo e solidão em idosas institucionalizadas : um estudo longitudinal
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O presente estudo longitudinal foi elaborado com o intuito de, decorrido um ano após uma primeira avaliação, comparar os níveis de Capacidade Funcional, Bem-Estar Subjectivo e Solidão de idosas institucionalizadas, tendo em conta o meio ecológico onde residem (meio urbano versus meio rural). O conceito de Bem-Estar Subjectivo compreende a análise do modo como os indivíduos avaliam as suas vidas (Diener, Suh, & Oishi, 1997) e é composto por duas dimensões que se inter-relacionam entre si, a dimensão cognitiva (satisfação com a vida) e a dimensão emocional (afecto positivo e baixo nível de afecto negativo) (Diener, Suh, & Oishi, 1997; Diener, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999). Na velhice, o bem-estar subjectivo parece estar associado ao sentimento de solidão (Dzuka & Dalbert, 2006). Participaram 21 indivíduos do sexo feminino, 17 institucionalizadas num lar de Lisboa, e 5 em lares do concelho de Elvas. As participantes foram agrupadas em três grupos com base na avaliação da funcionalidade e meio ecológico: independente/urbano, dependente/urbano e dependente/rural. Foram aplicados, individualmente, o Método de Avaliação Biopsicossocial (Botelho, 2000), a Escala de Solidão Emocional e Social (Stroebe, Stroebe, Abakoumkin, & Schut, 1996), a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (SWLS), (Diener et al., 1985) e a Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). Os resultados obtidos sugerem: a) estabilidade, ao longo de um ano, nos sentimentos de bem-estar subjectivo e solidão vivenciados; (b) níveis de bem-estar subjectivo semelhantes entre os idosos dependentes, institucionalizados no meio rural, e os idosos dependentes, institucionalizados em meio urbano; (c) sentimentos de solidão idênticos entre os idosos dependentes, institucionalizados em meio rural, e os idosos dependentes, institucionalizados em meio urbano.
This longitudinal study was conducted aiming to compare levels of Functional Capability, Subjective Well-Being and Loneliness in institutionalized elderly women, taking into account the ecological environment in which they lived (urban environment versus rural), one year after a first assessment. The concept of Subjective Well-being involves an analysis of how the individuals evaluate their lives (Diener, Suh, & Oishi, 1997), and includes two interrelated dimensions, the cognitive dimension (satisfaction with life), and the emotional dimension (positive affect and negative affect) (Diener, Suh, & Oishi, 1997; Diener, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999). In old age, this concept seems to be associated with loneliness (Dzuka, & Dalbert, 2006). Twenty-one participants, all women, participated in this study: seventeen were institutionalized in a nursing home in Lisbon, and five in nursing homes in Elvas area. Three groups were formed based on the evaluation of functionality and ecological environment: independent/urban, dependent/urban, and dependent/rural. A bio-psycho-social assessment method (Botelho 2000), Emotional and Social Loneliness Scale (Stroebe, Stroebe, Abakoumkin & Schut, 1996), The Scale with Life Satisfaction, (Diener et al., 1985) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, (Watson, Clark and Tellegen, 1988) were applied individually to each participant. The results suggest: a) stability, over one year period, in the experience of feelings of subjective well-being and loneliness, (b) similar levels of subjective well-being between rural and urban dependent women, (c) similar experience of loneliness between rural and urban dependent women.
This longitudinal study was conducted aiming to compare levels of Functional Capability, Subjective Well-Being and Loneliness in institutionalized elderly women, taking into account the ecological environment in which they lived (urban environment versus rural), one year after a first assessment. The concept of Subjective Well-being involves an analysis of how the individuals evaluate their lives (Diener, Suh, & Oishi, 1997), and includes two interrelated dimensions, the cognitive dimension (satisfaction with life), and the emotional dimension (positive affect and negative affect) (Diener, Suh, & Oishi, 1997; Diener, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999). In old age, this concept seems to be associated with loneliness (Dzuka, & Dalbert, 2006). Twenty-one participants, all women, participated in this study: seventeen were institutionalized in a nursing home in Lisbon, and five in nursing homes in Elvas area. Three groups were formed based on the evaluation of functionality and ecological environment: independent/urban, dependent/urban, and dependent/rural. A bio-psycho-social assessment method (Botelho 2000), Emotional and Social Loneliness Scale (Stroebe, Stroebe, Abakoumkin & Schut, 1996), The Scale with Life Satisfaction, (Diener et al., 1985) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, (Watson, Clark and Tellegen, 1988) were applied individually to each participant. The results suggest: a) stability, over one year period, in the experience of feelings of subjective well-being and loneliness, (b) similar levels of subjective well-being between rural and urban dependent women, (c) similar experience of loneliness between rural and urban dependent women.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Núcleo de Psicologia Clínica Dinâmica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, 2009
Palavras-chave
Bem-estar subjectivo Idosos institucionalizados Envelhecimento Teses de mestrado - 2009