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Reestruturação de um protocolo de diagnóstico e prevenção de parasitoses em aves tropicais num instituição zoológica
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As aves das ordens Psittaciformes, Passeriformes e Piciformes são das mais populares existentes em zoológicos de todo o mundo. Estes animais quando se encontram sob cuidados humanos podem estar sujeitos a grandes níveis de stress, o que leva a um comprometimento imunitário e consequentemente predispõe para infeções por agentes infecciosos, como os parasitas gastrointestinais. É por isso importante o rastreio parasitológico nestes animais. O presente estudo teve como principais objetivos o rastreio parasitológico através de métodos coprológicos, e a caracterização dos parasitas observados nas aves tropicais da instituição zoológica Zoomarine (Algarve). Foram colhidas 49 amostras fecais, representativas de 67 indivíduos. Estas amostras foram submetidas a análise coprológica, através do método da câmara de McMaster, da flutuação de Willis e da sedimentação natural. A amostra populacional foi caracterizada relativamente a diferentes variáveis, tendo sido possível avaliar estatisticamente as variáveis “Habitat” e “Sexo”. Todas as aves participantes neste estudo encontravam-se desprovidas de sinais clínicos. Relativamente ao total de amostras fecais examinado, em 16% (n=8) encontraram-se parasitas gastrointestinais, sendo possível identificar ovos do género Ascaridia e ovos da ordem Strongylida, vulgarmente designados de tipo estrongilídeo. Das amostras positivas, 50% pertenciam ao habitat “Tropicais”, 25% ao habitat “Magic Rainbow” e 25% ao habitat “Américas”. Relativamente ao sexo, 50% eram fêmeas, 25% eram machos, e 25% eram de aves cujo sexo era ainda desconhecido. Ao nível da desparasitação, 75% das amostras eram de aves sujeitas a um protocolo de ivermectina associada ao fenbendazol, enquanto que as restantes (25%) eram de aves cujo protocolo incluía a associação ivermectina, fenbendazol e toltrazuril. Já a nível taxonómico, foi assinalada uma amostra positiva em apenas uma analisada nos Piciformes, e 7 em 49 (15%) nos Psittaciformes. Os resultados apresentados nesta dissertação frisam a importância do rastreio parasitológico nas aves mantidas neste tipo de instituições zoológicas, especialmente quando vivem em comunidades e em habitats com acesso ao exterior, e realça os benefícios da aplicação de protocolos de profilaxia
ABSTRACT - Restructuring of a Diagnostic and Prevention Protocol for Parasitoses in Tropical Birds at a Zoological Institution - The birds of the orders Psittaciformes, Passeriformes, and Piciformes are among the most popular in zoos around the world. Being non-domesticated animals, when kept under human care may be subjected to significant amounts of stress, which leads to a compromised immunity system and a predisposition to infections by infectious agents, such as gastrointestinal parasites. Therefore, parasitological screening in these animals is of great importance. This study’s main objectives were parasitological screening through coprological tests, and the subsequent characterization of the parasites found in the tropical bird fauna at the Zoomarine institution (Algarve). In this study, 49 fecal samples were collected, belonging to 67 individuals. All samples underwent coprological analyses, using the McMaster chamber technique, the Willis flotation and natural sedimentation methods. The population sample was characterized with respect to different variables, and it was possible to statistically evaluate the "Habitat" and "Sex" variables. All birds participating in this study showed no clinical signs. Regarding the total fecal samples examined, in 16% (n=8) gastrointestinal parasites were identified, among which eggs from the genus Ascaridia and the order Strongylida, or strongyle-like eggs, were identified. In the positive samples, 50% belonged to the “Tropical” habitat, 25% to the “Magic Rainbow” habitat, and 25% to the “Americas” habitat. Regarding the birds’ sex, 50% were females, 25% were males, and 25% were from birds of yet unidentified sex. In terms of deworming, 75% of the samples were from birds subjected to a protocol of ivermectin associated with fenbendazole, while the remaining 25% were from birds whose protocol was ivermectin associated with fenbendazole and toltrazuril. At the taxonomic level, in the Piciformes was identified one positive sample, out of only one analyzed, followed by 7 positive samples out of 49 (15%) in the Psittaciformes. These results emphasize the importance of parasitological screening in birds living in these zoological institutions, especially when they live in communities with access to outdoors facilities, and highlights the benefits of applying prophylaxis protocols
ABSTRACT - Restructuring of a Diagnostic and Prevention Protocol for Parasitoses in Tropical Birds at a Zoological Institution - The birds of the orders Psittaciformes, Passeriformes, and Piciformes are among the most popular in zoos around the world. Being non-domesticated animals, when kept under human care may be subjected to significant amounts of stress, which leads to a compromised immunity system and a predisposition to infections by infectious agents, such as gastrointestinal parasites. Therefore, parasitological screening in these animals is of great importance. This study’s main objectives were parasitological screening through coprological tests, and the subsequent characterization of the parasites found in the tropical bird fauna at the Zoomarine institution (Algarve). In this study, 49 fecal samples were collected, belonging to 67 individuals. All samples underwent coprological analyses, using the McMaster chamber technique, the Willis flotation and natural sedimentation methods. The population sample was characterized with respect to different variables, and it was possible to statistically evaluate the "Habitat" and "Sex" variables. All birds participating in this study showed no clinical signs. Regarding the total fecal samples examined, in 16% (n=8) gastrointestinal parasites were identified, among which eggs from the genus Ascaridia and the order Strongylida, or strongyle-like eggs, were identified. In the positive samples, 50% belonged to the “Tropical” habitat, 25% to the “Magic Rainbow” habitat, and 25% to the “Americas” habitat. Regarding the birds’ sex, 50% were females, 25% were males, and 25% were from birds of yet unidentified sex. In terms of deworming, 75% of the samples were from birds subjected to a protocol of ivermectin associated with fenbendazole, while the remaining 25% were from birds whose protocol was ivermectin associated with fenbendazole and toltrazuril. At the taxonomic level, in the Piciformes was identified one positive sample, out of only one analyzed, followed by 7 positive samples out of 49 (15%) in the Psittaciformes. These results emphasize the importance of parasitological screening in birds living in these zoological institutions, especially when they live in communities with access to outdoors facilities, and highlights the benefits of applying prophylaxis protocols
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Sanidade Animal
Palavras-chave
Aves tropicais Parasitas gastrointestinais Coleção zoológica Portugal Tropical birds Gastrointestinal parasites Zoological collections Portugal
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Pinto MGF. 2024. Reestruturação de um protocolo de diagnóstico e prevenção de parasitoses em aves tropicais num instituição zoológica [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária