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Os cuidados paliativos na formação médica pré-graduada : uma perspetiva dos estudantes e internos de formação geral
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Introdução: Face às alterações sociodemográficas, torna-se fulcral investir no desenvolvimento dos Cuidados Paliativos (CP). Para isto, é essencial apostar na formação dos profissionais de saúde, um objetivo que tem vindo a ser desenvolvido em Portugal, no que toca à formação médica pré-graduada. O objetivo deste estudo é perceber como é que os alunos e internos recém-formados percebem a importância do ensino de CP no seu futuro profissional e a avaliação que fazem do mesmo.
Materiais e métodos: Foi criado um questionário para estudar: o contacto dos inquiridos com os CP, a avaliação que fazem do ensino e da sua importância e algumas noções fundamentais sobre a área. Foi divulgado e respondido por alunos de 6º ano (ALU) das escolas médicas de Portugal e Internos de Formação Geral (IFG).
Resultados: Houve 221 participantes (ALU 61%, IFG 39%), sendo 76% mulheres, com mediana de idade de 24 anos (intervalo interquartil 1), provenientes das oito escolas médicas portuguesas. A maioria dos inquiridos refere nunca ter estado numa Unidade de CP, mas diz já ter convivido em ambiente clínico do género. A maioria afirma também ter tido acesso e frequentado a aulas de CP durante o curso. Acerca da avaliação que os inquiridos fazem deste ensino: 98% sente-se consciente do impacto das doenças crónicas na população portuguesa e 100% reconhece a importância dos CP e da sua inclusão na formação médica. No entanto, 72% discorda que a carga horária da disciplina de CP seja suficiente para a sua formação, e 60% discorda que a formação em CP durante o curso seja adequada à formação de um médico generalista.
Discussão: Apesar de a maioria dos inquiridos reconhecer a importância da formação em CP, afirma que a educação que recebem atualmente não é suficiente, uma preocupação global na comunidade estudantil. A maioria dos inquiridos respondeu de forma correta à componente de avaliação de vários princípios de CP, revelando um apurado conhecimento teórico. No entanto, é revelado um défice de contacto prático com a realidade dos CP.
Conclusão: O ensino de CP na formação médica pré-graduada tem tido um efeito positivo. Na perspetiva dos estudantes, a formação em CP é atualmente insuficiente e carece de contacto prático. Sugere-se assim que sejam feitos mais estudos de modo a monitorizar o progresso do ensino, e que se invista mais na formação médica pré-graduada em CP, nas várias vertentes abordadas.
Introduction: Given the social and demographic changes, it is crucial to invest in the development of Palliative Care (PC). For this, it is essential to focus on the training of health professionals, an objective that has been developed in Portugal, in terms of pre-graduate medical training. The purpose of this study is to understand how the last year students and newly graduated interns perceive the importance of the recent teaching of PC in their professional future and how they evaluate it. Materials and methods: A questionnaire was created, to study: the contact of the respondents with PC, their evaluation of teaching and its importance, and some fundamental principles regarding the area. Subsequently, it was released among 6th grade students from Portuguese medical schools and General Training Interns. Results: There were 221 participants (ALU 61%, IFG 39%), 76% of these being women, with median age of 24 years (interquartile range 1), from the eight Portuguese medical schools. The majority of respondents said that they had never been in a PC Unit, but that they had already lived in a clinical environment of the gender. The majority also claim to have had access to and attend CP classes during the course. Regarding respondents' evaluation of this teaching: 98% are aware of the impact of chronic diseases in the Portuguese population and 100% recognize the importance of PCs and their inclusion in medical training. However, 72% disagree that the CP course workload is sufficient for their training, and 60% disagree that CP training during the course is appropriate to the training of a general practitioner. Discussion: Although most respondents acknowledge the importance of CP training, they claim that what they receive today is not enough, a global concern in the student community; the majority responded correctly to the assessment component of several CP principles, revealing a thorough theoretical knowledge. However, a deficit of practical contact with the reality of CPs is revealed. Conclusion: The teaching of PC in pre-graduate medical education has had a positive effect. From a student perspective, PC training is currently insufficient and lacks practical contact. It is therefore suggested that more studies be done in order to monitor the progress of education, and to invest more in pre-graduate medical education in PC, in the various aspects addressed.
Introduction: Given the social and demographic changes, it is crucial to invest in the development of Palliative Care (PC). For this, it is essential to focus on the training of health professionals, an objective that has been developed in Portugal, in terms of pre-graduate medical training. The purpose of this study is to understand how the last year students and newly graduated interns perceive the importance of the recent teaching of PC in their professional future and how they evaluate it. Materials and methods: A questionnaire was created, to study: the contact of the respondents with PC, their evaluation of teaching and its importance, and some fundamental principles regarding the area. Subsequently, it was released among 6th grade students from Portuguese medical schools and General Training Interns. Results: There were 221 participants (ALU 61%, IFG 39%), 76% of these being women, with median age of 24 years (interquartile range 1), from the eight Portuguese medical schools. The majority of respondents said that they had never been in a PC Unit, but that they had already lived in a clinical environment of the gender. The majority also claim to have had access to and attend CP classes during the course. Regarding respondents' evaluation of this teaching: 98% are aware of the impact of chronic diseases in the Portuguese population and 100% recognize the importance of PCs and their inclusion in medical training. However, 72% disagree that the CP course workload is sufficient for their training, and 60% disagree that CP training during the course is appropriate to the training of a general practitioner. Discussion: Although most respondents acknowledge the importance of CP training, they claim that what they receive today is not enough, a global concern in the student community; the majority responded correctly to the assessment component of several CP principles, revealing a thorough theoretical knowledge. However, a deficit of practical contact with the reality of CPs is revealed. Conclusion: The teaching of PC in pre-graduate medical education has had a positive effect. From a student perspective, PC training is currently insufficient and lacks practical contact. It is therefore suggested that more studies be done in order to monitor the progress of education, and to invest more in pre-graduate medical education in PC, in the various aspects addressed.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019
Palavras-chave
Cuidados paliativos Formação médica Avaliação Contacto prático Relação médico-doente