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Ao longo do tempo, tem havido avanços na biotecnologia, e os alimentos geneticamente modificados, foram uma das principais inovações na agricultura e na nutrição, permitindo a introdução de caraterísticas desejáveis, como a resistência a pragas, melhorias a nível nutricional e aumento da vida útil do alimento. Esta dissertação aborda o papel dos AGMs na promoção da saúde humana, destacando o seu potencial na biofortificação de alimentos, na prevenção de doenças relacionadas a carências nutricionais e redução do uso de agroquímicos. São analisadas as principais técnicas de produção de AGMs, incluindo a transformação via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a biobalística , a eletroporação, e novas técnicas, bem como o panorama legislativo europeu e português. Os resultados evidenciam que os AGMs oferecem benefícios significativos, como o arroz dourado enriquecido com vitamina A, a mandioca biofortificada com ferro e zinco e a soja com perfil lipídico otimizado, que podem reduzir deficiências nutricionais em populações vulneráveis. Adicionalmente, a utilização de culturas resistentes a pragas diminui a aplicação de pesticidas, beneficiando a saúde pública. Existem desafios e algumas controvérsias, incluindo principalmente preocupações sobre os potenciais riscos para a saúde humana, impactos ambientais e aceitação pública. Assim as perspetivas futuras incluem a integração de AGMs como alimentos funcionais e auxiliares da terapêutica, contribuindo para a nutrição personalizada e a segurança alimentar global, desde que acompanhados por uma regulamentação rigorosa e uma comunicação científica transparente.
Over time, there have been advances in biotechnology, and genetically modified foods have been one of the main innovations in agriculture and nutrition, allowing the introduction of desirable traits such as pest resistance, nutritional improvements, and increased shelf life. This dissertation addresses the role of GMOs in promoting human health, highlighting their potential for food biofortification, preventing diseases related to nutritional deficiencies, and reducing the use of agrochemicals. The main GMO production techniques are analyzed, including transformation via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, biolistics, electroporation, and new techniques, as well as the European and Portuguese legislative landscape. The results show that GMOs offer significant benefits, such as golden rice enriched with vitamin A, cassava biofortified with iron and zinc, and soybeans with an optimized lipid profile, which can reduce nutritional deficiencies in vulnerable populations. Additionally, the use of pest-resistant crops reduces pesticide use, benefiting public health. There are challenges and some controversies, including concerns about potential risks to human health, environmental impacts, and public acceptance. Therefore, future prospects include the integration of GMOs as functional foods and therapeutic aids, contributing to personalized nutrition and global food security, provided they are accompanied by strict regulation and transparent scientific communication.
Over time, there have been advances in biotechnology, and genetically modified foods have been one of the main innovations in agriculture and nutrition, allowing the introduction of desirable traits such as pest resistance, nutritional improvements, and increased shelf life. This dissertation addresses the role of GMOs in promoting human health, highlighting their potential for food biofortification, preventing diseases related to nutritional deficiencies, and reducing the use of agrochemicals. The main GMO production techniques are analyzed, including transformation via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, biolistics, electroporation, and new techniques, as well as the European and Portuguese legislative landscape. The results show that GMOs offer significant benefits, such as golden rice enriched with vitamin A, cassava biofortified with iron and zinc, and soybeans with an optimized lipid profile, which can reduce nutritional deficiencies in vulnerable populations. Additionally, the use of pest-resistant crops reduces pesticide use, benefiting public health. There are challenges and some controversies, including concerns about potential risks to human health, environmental impacts, and public acceptance. Therefore, future prospects include the integration of GMOs as functional foods and therapeutic aids, contributing to personalized nutrition and global food security, provided they are accompanied by strict regulation and transparent scientific communication.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Qualidade Alimentar e Saúde, 2025, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
204099757 AGM Saúde Segurança alimentar Inovação Biofortificação Teses de mestrado - 2025
