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Abstract(s)
As feridas crónicas, tais como as úlceras de pressão ou úlceras diabéticas, são lesões que falham o seu processo de cicatrização normal. Até ao momento não existe cura para este problema de saúde que afeta milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, trazendo graves consequências para o doente, os seus cuidadores e para os sistemas de saúde a nível mundial. Nos últimos anos, a engenharia de tecidos tem vindo a desenvolver estratégias de produção de scaffolds que permitam mimetizar a matriz extracelular, e que promovem a adesão e proliferação celular e, deste modo, estimulam a cicatrização das feridas. Uma das técnicas mais utilizadas é o electrospinning. Esta técnica produz nanofibras com elevada uniformidade e é uma técnica simples, flexível e versátil.
O objetivo deste trabalho é assim, fazer uma revisão bibliográfica dos diferentes biopolímeros que podem ser utilizados com esta técnica, quais as suas vantagens e os estudos que têm vindo a ser realizados. Também foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a fisiopatologia das feridas, uma breve descrição da técnica de electrospinning e os respectivos parâmetros relevantes.
Da pesquisa bibliográfica efetuada, é possível concluir que existem vários biopolímeros que podem ser utilizados tais como: colagénio, gelatina, quitosano, fibrinogénio, fibronectina, ácido hialurónico, celulose e alginato. Os estudos revelaram bons resultados tanto ao nível das propriedades físico-químicas, como da eficácia in vitro e in vivo, com um aumento da proliferação celular e rapidez na cicatrização da ferida.
Chronic wounds, such as pressure ulcers or diabetic ulcers, are injuries that fail during their normal healing process. To date, there is no cure for this health problem that affects millions of people worldwide, with serious consequences for the patient, their caregivers and health systems worldwide. In recent years, tissue engineering has been developing scaffold production strategies that mimic the extracellular matrix promoting cell adhesion and proliferation and, thus, stimulate wound healing. One of the most used techniques is electrospinning. This technique forms nanofibers with high uniformity and is a simple, flexible and versatile technique. The main objective of this work is to make a bibliographic review of the different biopolymers that can be used with this technique, what are their advantages and the studies that have been carried out. A bibliographic research was also carried out on the pathophysiology of wounds, a brief description on the electrospinning technique as well as which parameters affect it. From the bibliographic research carried out, it is possible to conclude that there are several biopolymers that can be used which show promise such as: collagen, gelatin, chitosan, fibrinogen, fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, cellulose and alginate. Studies have shown good results both in terms of physical-chemical properties and in vitro and in vivo with an increase in cell proliferation and speed in wound healing.
Chronic wounds, such as pressure ulcers or diabetic ulcers, are injuries that fail during their normal healing process. To date, there is no cure for this health problem that affects millions of people worldwide, with serious consequences for the patient, their caregivers and health systems worldwide. In recent years, tissue engineering has been developing scaffold production strategies that mimic the extracellular matrix promoting cell adhesion and proliferation and, thus, stimulate wound healing. One of the most used techniques is electrospinning. This technique forms nanofibers with high uniformity and is a simple, flexible and versatile technique. The main objective of this work is to make a bibliographic review of the different biopolymers that can be used with this technique, what are their advantages and the studies that have been carried out. A bibliographic research was also carried out on the pathophysiology of wounds, a brief description on the electrospinning technique as well as which parameters affect it. From the bibliographic research carried out, it is possible to conclude that there are several biopolymers that can be used which show promise such as: collagen, gelatin, chitosan, fibrinogen, fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, cellulose and alginate. Studies have shown good results both in terms of physical-chemical properties and in vitro and in vivo with an increase in cell proliferation and speed in wound healing.
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Cicatrização de feridas Eletrospinning Nanofibras Biopolímeros Mestrado integrado - 2020