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Gravidez na adolescência : crise, resposta familiar e bem-estar emocional
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Resumo(s)
A gravidez na adolescência é uma tarefa dura e exigente constituindo, para a cultura ocidental, um acontecimento de vida não-normativo . Envolve, frequentemente, a construção de projectos alternativos e a mobilização de recursos internos e externos numa fase, já de si, complicada do desenvolvimento uma dupla adaptação que torna particularmente vulneráveis estas jovens e os seus filhos. No minorar dos compromissos físicos, psicológicos e sociais a si associados está o suporte familiar, na sua capacidade para se ajustar e apoiar estas jovens em profunda revolução de vida . O estudo realizado, de natureza exploratória, teve como objectivo identificar, numa amostra de adolescentes primíparas grávidas e puérperas, a sua percepção relativamente aos recursos e mecanismos de coping utilizados pela família de origem (sua capacidade de resposta a dificuldades e problemas); a sua satisfação familiar, bem-estar emocional e orientação face à vida . A um total de 117 adolescentes (39 mães há menos de 9 meses e 78 grávidas no primeiro, segundo e terceiro trimestre) foram aplicadas as Escalas de Avaliação Pessoal Orientadas para a Crise em Família (McCubbin, Olson e Larsen, 1981); Escala de Recursos Familiares (Olson, Larsen e McCubbin, 1982); Escala de Satisfação Familiar (Olson e Wilson, 1982); Perfil de Estados de Humor Versão Reduzida (McNair, Lorr e Droppleman, 1989) e Teste de Orientação Prolongada de Vida (Chang, Maydeu-Olivares e D'Zurilla, 1997). Os resultados encontrados demonstram a existência de índices emocionais mais elevados no terceiro trimestre de gravidez, apoiados por uma percepção de recursos familiares mais positiva; sendo o primeiro trimestre o de maior perturbação emocional total. No puerpério, com o ajustamento ao bebé e às responsabilidades inerentes à parentalidade, a satisfação familiar e a percepção de recursos familiares decresce significativamente, evidenciando as jovens valores emocionais próximos dos do período de crise/ adaptação inicial. Os resultados chamam a atenção para a necessidade de um acompanhamento destas jovens para além do período gravídico, no ajustamento progressivo à parentalidade, adultícia e reorganização de vida (apoiando desta forma, igualmente, os seus filhos e famílias).
According to the western culture teens pregnancy is a hard and demanding task qualified as a nonnormative life event. It frequently implies both the adoption of alternate life projects and the mobilization of internal and external resources in an already complicated self-development phase a double adaptation process that makes especially vulnerable these young girls and their children. Contributing to reduce the physical, psychological and social commitments attached to teenage pregnancy, there's the family support and it's ability to adjust and support these youngsters through a deep life revolution . This exploratory work had the goal of identifying the perception of pregnant and recent teenage mothers about family resources and coping mechanisms (their response capacity to face difficulties and problems), their family satisfaction, emotional well-being and extended life orientation . In a sample of 117 teenagers 39 recent mothers (less than 9 months) and 78 pregnant (in the first, second and third quarter) the following scales were employed: Family Crises OrientedPersonal Evaluation Scales (McCubbin, Olson and Larsen, 1981); Family Strengths (Olson, Larsen and McCubbin, 1982); Family Satisfaction (Olson and Wilson, 1982); Profile of Mood States-Short Form (McNair, Lorr and Droppleman, 1989) and Extended Life Orientation Test (Chang, Maydeu-Olivares and D'Zurilla, 1997). The results indicate the existence of higher emotional indexes during the third quarter of pregnancy, supported by a more positive perception of family resources. The first quarter is characterized by the highest value of total emotional disturbance. In recent motherhood, with the adaptation to the new baby and the increasing responsibilities, family satisfaction and the perception of family resources decrease significantly. In this period the teenagers reveal emotional values very close to those of the initial crisis/ adaptation process. We conclude that a follow-up of these pregnant teenagers beyond the pregnancy period is required. That process should focus on the progressive adaptation to motherhood and life reorganization (and by doing so, simultaneously help their children and families).
According to the western culture teens pregnancy is a hard and demanding task qualified as a nonnormative life event. It frequently implies both the adoption of alternate life projects and the mobilization of internal and external resources in an already complicated self-development phase a double adaptation process that makes especially vulnerable these young girls and their children. Contributing to reduce the physical, psychological and social commitments attached to teenage pregnancy, there's the family support and it's ability to adjust and support these youngsters through a deep life revolution . This exploratory work had the goal of identifying the perception of pregnant and recent teenage mothers about family resources and coping mechanisms (their response capacity to face difficulties and problems), their family satisfaction, emotional well-being and extended life orientation . In a sample of 117 teenagers 39 recent mothers (less than 9 months) and 78 pregnant (in the first, second and third quarter) the following scales were employed: Family Crises OrientedPersonal Evaluation Scales (McCubbin, Olson and Larsen, 1981); Family Strengths (Olson, Larsen and McCubbin, 1982); Family Satisfaction (Olson and Wilson, 1982); Profile of Mood States-Short Form (McNair, Lorr and Droppleman, 1989) and Extended Life Orientation Test (Chang, Maydeu-Olivares and D'Zurilla, 1997). The results indicate the existence of higher emotional indexes during the third quarter of pregnancy, supported by a more positive perception of family resources. The first quarter is characterized by the highest value of total emotional disturbance. In recent motherhood, with the adaptation to the new baby and the increasing responsibilities, family satisfaction and the perception of family resources decrease significantly. In this period the teenagers reveal emotional values very close to those of the initial crisis/ adaptation process. We conclude that a follow-up of these pregnant teenagers beyond the pregnancy period is required. That process should focus on the progressive adaptation to motherhood and life reorganization (and by doing so, simultaneously help their children and families).
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Stress e Bem-Estar, Intervenção na Família, na Escola e no Trabalho), 2009, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação
Palavras-chave
Gravidez Satisfação familiar Bem-estar psicológico Teses de mestrado