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A presente dissertação versa sobre a [possibilidade e justificação de uma] eventual consagração do recurso de amparo no ordenamento jurídico português, com especial enfoque na sua justificação à luz dos princípios constitucionais, das necessidades práticas de tutela dos direitos fundamentais e das experiências comparadas. A investigação parte da constatação de que o atual modelo de justiça constitucional em Portugal, embora tecnicamente sólido, revela limitações significativas quanto ao acesso dos cidadãos a mecanismos eficazes de reparação de lesões concretas dos seus direitos constitucionais. No sistema constitucional português, o controlo de constitucionalidade é predominantemente normativo, encontrando-se estruturado em torno da fiscalização de normas jurídicas, seja em sede abstrata, seja em sede concreta. Contudo, tal modelo não prevê um instrumento autónomo e direto de reação contra decisões judiciais finais que, embora apliquem normas conformes à Constituição, resultem, na prática, em violações graves e desproporcionadas de direitos fundamentais. Para este efeito será analisada a doutrina nacional e estrangeira, a jurisprudência do Tribunal Constitucional português, do Tribunal Constitucional espanhol, bem como do Tribunal Constitucional alemão e do Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos. Adota-se uma metodologia jurídico-dogmática, com recurso a análise normativa, jurisprudencial e comparativa, tendo como objetivo último formular uma proposta de enquadramento institucional do recurso de amparo compatível com os princípios estruturantes do Estado de Direito democrático e da justiça constitucional em Portugal. Inicia-se com uma breve apresentação do conceito de amparo, bem como as suas origens e evolução. Seguem-se os argumentos a favor da sua consagração, destacando-se a necessidade de reforçar o acesso à tutela jurisdicional efetiva e de garantir uma resposta célere e proporcional a lesões concretas de direitos fundamentais. A dissertação inclui ainda um estudo de caso comparado entre os sistemas português e espanhol, bem como uma análise crítica do modelo nacional de fiscalização da constitucionalidade, confrontando-o com as melhores práticas internacionais. Esta tese pretende, assim, contribuir para o debate contemporâneo sobre a justiça constitucional em Portugal, propondo uma reflexão fundamentada sobre a necessidade de transformar o Tribunal Constitucional num verdadeiro garante dos direitos fundamentais, acessível ao cidadão comum e dotado de instrumentos eficazes para assegurar a supremacia material da Constituição.
This dissertation addresses the possible inclusion of the remedy of amparo within the Portuguese legal system, focusing on its justification in light of constitutional principles, the practical needs for the protection of fundamental rights, and comparative experiences. The study starts from the observation that the current model of constitutional justice in Portugal has limitations in terms of citizens' access to effective mechanisms for redressing concrete violations of their constitutional rights. While the Portuguese system focuses mainly on the enforcement of norms, it lacks a direct instrument for reacting to final judicial decisions which, even if they comply with the Constitution, result in serious violations of fundamental rights. The research analyses national and foreign doctrine, the case law of Portuguese, Spanish and German courts and the European Court of Human Rights, with the aim of proposing an institutional framework for the amparo remedy that is compatible with the principles of the democratic rule of law. The study begins with an introduction to the concept of amparo, its origins and evolution, followed by arguments in favour of its implementation, highlighting the need for access to justice for the effective protection of fundamental rights. The research analyses national and foreign doctrine, the case law of Portuguese, Spanish, German and European Court of Human Rights courts, with the aim of proposing an institutional framework for the appeal for protection compatible with the principles of the democratic rule of law. The study begins with an introduction to the concept of amparo, its origins and evolution, followed by arguments in favour of its implementation, highlighting the need for access to justice for the effective protection of fundamental rights. The dissertation includes a comparative study between the Portuguese and Spanish systems, as well as a critical analysis of the national model of constitutional oversight. The thesis aims to contribute to the debate on constitutional justice in Portugal, proposing a reflection on the transformation of the Constitutional Court into an effective guardian of fundamental rights, accessible to all and with instruments to guarantee the supremacy of the Constitution.
This dissertation addresses the possible inclusion of the remedy of amparo within the Portuguese legal system, focusing on its justification in light of constitutional principles, the practical needs for the protection of fundamental rights, and comparative experiences. The study starts from the observation that the current model of constitutional justice in Portugal has limitations in terms of citizens' access to effective mechanisms for redressing concrete violations of their constitutional rights. While the Portuguese system focuses mainly on the enforcement of norms, it lacks a direct instrument for reacting to final judicial decisions which, even if they comply with the Constitution, result in serious violations of fundamental rights. The research analyses national and foreign doctrine, the case law of Portuguese, Spanish and German courts and the European Court of Human Rights, with the aim of proposing an institutional framework for the amparo remedy that is compatible with the principles of the democratic rule of law. The study begins with an introduction to the concept of amparo, its origins and evolution, followed by arguments in favour of its implementation, highlighting the need for access to justice for the effective protection of fundamental rights. The research analyses national and foreign doctrine, the case law of Portuguese, Spanish, German and European Court of Human Rights courts, with the aim of proposing an institutional framework for the appeal for protection compatible with the principles of the democratic rule of law. The study begins with an introduction to the concept of amparo, its origins and evolution, followed by arguments in favour of its implementation, highlighting the need for access to justice for the effective protection of fundamental rights. The dissertation includes a comparative study between the Portuguese and Spanish systems, as well as a critical analysis of the national model of constitutional oversight. The thesis aims to contribute to the debate on constitutional justice in Portugal, proposing a reflection on the transformation of the Constitutional Court into an effective guardian of fundamental rights, accessible to all and with instruments to guarantee the supremacy of the Constitution.
Descrição
Direito e Prática Jurídica
Palavras-chave
Recurso de amparo Fiscalização da constitucionalidade Tutela jurisdicional efetiva Direitos fundamentais Teses de mestrado – 2026
