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Perturbação da personalidade anti-social, psicopatia e imputabilidade
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A perturbação da personalidade anti-social caracteriza-se por uma elevada impulsividade, agressividade, comportamento disruptivo, manipulação e elevada reincidência, estando fortemente associada à criminologia. Nos estabelecimentos prisionais, este tipo de personalidade encontra-se presente entre 50% a 80% dos casos.
São inúmeros os factores que contribuem para esta condição: ambientais, principalmente aqueles em que o indivíduo esteve exposto durante a primeira infância; anatómicos, que estão associados a uma variedade de lesões cerebrais a nível de estruturas responsáveis pelo controlo de emoções; neurofuncionais, demonstrados pela diminuição da actividade de diversas áreas responsáveis pelo controlo das emoções tarefa-dependentes; e hormonais, relacionados com a regulação de serotonina e dopamina, duas neurohormonas associadas à impulsividade e agressividade.
No âmbito do Direito Penal, a psiquiatria forense é de extrema importância para ajudar a decidir se um criminoso é considerado, ou não, imputável perante a lei.
Na Legislação Portuguesa são várias as situações em que um indivíduo pode ser considerado inimputável em razão de anomalia psíquica, no entanto, portadores de perturbação da personalidade anti-social/psicopatia são excluídos deste grupo. Assim, é importante questionar a imputabilidade destes indivíduos tendo em consideração o complexo background que os caracteriza e predispõe à incapacidade de autocontrolo.
The antisocial personality disorder is characterized by high impulsivity, aggressiveness, disruptive behaviour, manipulation, high recurrence and it is strongly associated with criminology, therefore representing between 50 and 80% of inmates personalities in prisons. There are numerous factors contributing to this condition: environmental, in particular those to which the individual was exposed during his early childhood; anatomical, associated to brain lesions on structures responsible for the control of the emotions; neurofunctional, showed by the decreased activity in several brain areas that are responsible for the control of task-dependent emotions; and hormonal, which are related to the regulation of dopamine and serotonin (neurohormones associated with impulsivity and aggressiveness). Under the Criminal Law, forensic psychiatry is extremely important by helping to decide if a criminal is considered, or not, attributable under the law. In the Portuguese law, there are several situations where an individual can be considered unfit due to a mental illness condition. Nevertheless, people holding antisocial personality disorders/ psychopathies are excluded from this group. Hence, it is important to question the imputability on this population considering their complex background which predisposes them to the incapacity of self-control.
The antisocial personality disorder is characterized by high impulsivity, aggressiveness, disruptive behaviour, manipulation, high recurrence and it is strongly associated with criminology, therefore representing between 50 and 80% of inmates personalities in prisons. There are numerous factors contributing to this condition: environmental, in particular those to which the individual was exposed during his early childhood; anatomical, associated to brain lesions on structures responsible for the control of the emotions; neurofunctional, showed by the decreased activity in several brain areas that are responsible for the control of task-dependent emotions; and hormonal, which are related to the regulation of dopamine and serotonin (neurohormones associated with impulsivity and aggressiveness). Under the Criminal Law, forensic psychiatry is extremely important by helping to decide if a criminal is considered, or not, attributable under the law. In the Portuguese law, there are several situations where an individual can be considered unfit due to a mental illness condition. Nevertheless, people holding antisocial personality disorders/ psychopathies are excluded from this group. Hence, it is important to question the imputability on this population considering their complex background which predisposes them to the incapacity of self-control.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015
Palavras-chave
Perturbação da prsonalidade ati-social (PPAS) Psicopatia Imputabilidade Inimputabilidade