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Testemunhas ocultas : o delicado equilíbrio entre os direitos de defesa e o dever de proteção dos declarantes
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Resumo(s)
A presente dissertação aborda a necessidade de aprimoramento da proteção de testemunhas no Brasil, especialmente diante do cenário de criminalidade complexa e organizada, que expõe os depoentes a graves riscos. O estudo investiga a viabilidade de implementar a figura da testemunha oculta no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, observando o desafio de compatibilizá-la com as garantias constitucionais e processuais da defesa. Partindo da premissa de que a estrutura processual vigente é insuficiente diante da realidade criminal brasileira, a pesquisa se volta para a análise de experiências jurídicas internacionais, com foco na jurisprudência do Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos, nas especificidades garantistas do direito ao confronto do sistema norte-americano e na estrutura protetiva da legislação portuguesa. Ao final, o trabalho propõe um modelo processual brasileiro que, inspirado nessas práticas, busca equilibrar a proteção eficaz das testemunhas com a preservação dos direitos fundamentais do acusado.
This dissertation addresses the need to enhance witness protection in Brazil, particularly in the context of complex and organized crime, which exposes witnesses to significant risks. The study examines the feasibility of implementing the figure of anonymous witnesses in the Brazilian legal system, highlighting the challenge of aligning this measure with constitutional and procedural defense guarantees. Based on the premise that the current procedural structure is insufficient in light of Brazil's criminal reality, the research turns to the analysis of international legal experiences, focusing on the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, the protective specificities of the right to confrontation in the American legal system, and the witness protection framework established by Portuguese legislation. In conclusion, the dissertation proposes a Brazilian procedural model inspired by these practices, aiming to balance effective witness protection with the preservation of the accused’s fundamental rights.
This dissertation addresses the need to enhance witness protection in Brazil, particularly in the context of complex and organized crime, which exposes witnesses to significant risks. The study examines the feasibility of implementing the figure of anonymous witnesses in the Brazilian legal system, highlighting the challenge of aligning this measure with constitutional and procedural defense guarantees. Based on the premise that the current procedural structure is insufficient in light of Brazil's criminal reality, the research turns to the analysis of international legal experiences, focusing on the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, the protective specificities of the right to confrontation in the American legal system, and the witness protection framework established by Portuguese legislation. In conclusion, the dissertation proposes a Brazilian procedural model inspired by these practices, aiming to balance effective witness protection with the preservation of the accused’s fundamental rights.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Direito e Ciência Jurídica, 2025, Faculdade de Direito, Universidade de Lisboa
Palavras-chave
Testemunha Prova testemunhal Direito de defesa Prova penal Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos do Homem Proteção de testemunhas Teses de mestrado – 2025