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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O contrato de seguro é um acordo através do qual a seguradora assume a cobertura de determinados
riscos, responsabilizando-se a pagar o capital seguro em caso de ocorrência de sinistro, nos termos
acordados.
É habitual dizer que as seguradoras desenvolvem um ciclo de produção invertido, na medida em que, os
prémios são cobrados hoje para pagar sinistros que poderão eventualmente ocorrer no futuro.
Uma das principais preocupações da seguradora, e em particular dos atuários, é a de obter a melhor
estimativa das provisões a constituir, tendo em conta todas as responsabilidades assumidas, sendo que
o foco deste projeto é o de analisar, em particular, a provisão para sinistros.
A estimação das provisões para sinistros é fundamental na atividade de uma seguradora, na medida em
que, caso a companhia não constitua provisões suficientes pode comprometer a sua solvência. Por outro
lado, se as provisões forem excessivas poderá afetar a rentabilidade e competitividade no mercado.
Assim, numa vertente prática, recorrendo à base de dados de uma seguradora do Ramo Vida, com o
objetivo de obter uma estimativa das reservas a constituir, será aplicado e analisado o método
determinístico Chain Ladder com a aplicação de um fator cauda/ultimate, bem como o método Grossing
up, de modo a testar a consistência dos resultados estimados. Contudo, de forma a contornar as
limitações destes métodos, recorrer-se-á a modelos estocásticos, nomeadamente o método Thomas
Mack.
The insurance contract is an agreement by which the insurer assumes coverage of certain risks, being responsible for paying the insurance company capital in case of occurrence of a claim, in the agreed terms. It’s usual to say that insurers develop an inverted production cycle, as premiums are charged today to pay claims that may eventually occur in the future. One of the main concerns of an insurance company, mainly of the actuary, is to get the best estimation of claims reserves, considering all the responsibilities assumed. The estimation of claims reserving is crucial in the activity of an insurer, since if the company doesn’t constitute sufficient reserves, it may compromise its solvency. If the provisions are too excessive, it may affect the profitability and competitiveness in the market. Therefore, in a practical aspect, using the data of an insurance company in Life business, with the objective of getting an estimate for outstanding claims, the deterministic Chain Ladder method will be applied and analyzed with the application of a tail/ultimate factor, as well as the Grossing up method, to test the authenticity of the results. However, in order to avoid the limitations of these methods, will be used stochastic models, in particular the Thomas Mack method.
The insurance contract is an agreement by which the insurer assumes coverage of certain risks, being responsible for paying the insurance company capital in case of occurrence of a claim, in the agreed terms. It’s usual to say that insurers develop an inverted production cycle, as premiums are charged today to pay claims that may eventually occur in the future. One of the main concerns of an insurance company, mainly of the actuary, is to get the best estimation of claims reserves, considering all the responsibilities assumed. The estimation of claims reserving is crucial in the activity of an insurer, since if the company doesn’t constitute sufficient reserves, it may compromise its solvency. If the provisions are too excessive, it may affect the profitability and competitiveness in the market. Therefore, in a practical aspect, using the data of an insurance company in Life business, with the objective of getting an estimate for outstanding claims, the deterministic Chain Ladder method will be applied and analyzed with the application of a tail/ultimate factor, as well as the Grossing up method, to test the authenticity of the results. However, in order to avoid the limitations of these methods, will be used stochastic models, in particular the Thomas Mack method.
Descrição
Trabalho de Projeto de Mestrado, Matemática Aplicada à Economia e Gestão, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Provisões para sinistros Ramo Vida IBNR Chain Ladder Thomas Mack Teses de mestrado - 2023
