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Pluralismo jurídico e família : contributo na área da teoria do direito para a compreensão da relação jurídico-familiar em Angola
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O reconhecimento do pluralismo jurídico e a sua influência em todos os domínios das relações sociais em Angola, especialmente na constituição das relações jurídico-familiares é a pretensão deste trabalho. Pretende-se fazer uma abordagem do pluralismo jurídico, aos olhos da teoria do Direito, através do estudo das Fontes do Direito, para compreender a distância que separa as regras jurídicas, emanadas do Direito estatal, da realidade social, alicerçada no Costume, que sobressai na constituição das relações familiares, mostrando-nos uma família alargada, poligâmica (DUMBO, 2019:121) constituída por regras bem definidas. Em Angola, existem famílias simultâneas que partilham um mesmo sujeito, contrastando com a ordem normativa estadual que, no esteio positivista legalista, consagra o princípio da monogamia. A relevância deste tema para a disciplina de Teoria do Direito centra-se na abordagem da teoria das fontes, na possibilidade de criação e surgimento de Direito para além da ordem jurídica, e na admissão da existência de outras ordens normativas tão ou mais importantes que a ordem jurídica estadual, como a ordem moral e a ordem de trato social (PINTO PEREIRA, 2013:30). Em Angola, a ordem (jurídico) normativa é alicerçada na lei e no pensamento positivista legalista do século IX, mas esta convive com outra ordem normativa, alicerçada no Costume. Tal conduz-nos ao estudo do diálogo entre as fontes de Direito no ordenamento jurídico angolano. Olhar para fenómenos sociais, como a constituição de famílias, cuja génese se subtrai à imperatividade da ordem normativa estatal, evidencia o conflito permanente, o eventual e necessário diálogo entre as fontes do Direito e a permeabilidade da ordem jurídica normativa estadual ao Costume. Permite-nos entender a existência de outras ordens normativas, diferentes, que coabitam e muitas vezes se sobrepõem à lei, numa perspectiva de criar Direito a partir do Costume. Em Angola sempre coexistiram uma ordem jurídica e uma ordem moral, alicerçada no Costume, levando a que o legislador angolano, sem as hierarquizar, tivesse admitido no texto Constitucional a existência de outras fontes de Direito para além da lei. O artigo 7º da Constituição da República de Angola (CRA) traduz a aceitação de outras manifestações do Direito para além do Direito emanado por fonte estadual e a coexistência de ordens jurídicas múltiplas, com relações de competição, colaboração e algumas vezes de negação, procurando ajustá-las e acomodá-las, num verdadeiro exercício plural. Na CRA o legislador reconheceu validade e força jurídica ao Costume, desde que não seja contrário à Constituição nem atente contra a dignidade da pessoa humana, erigindo o Costume à categoria de fonte imediata do Direito.
This work intends to recognize legal pluralism and its influence on every domain of social relationships in Angola, particularly in the establishment of legal family relationships. It aims to approach legal pluralism, from a Law Theory perspective, by studying the sources of Law, to understand the distance that separates the legal regulations emanating from State Law and social reality, which, conversely, is based on customs reflected in the family relationships established, namely, the extended polygamous family (DUMBO, 2019:121), under well-defined rules. In Angola, there are overlapping families sharing one same individual, contrasting with the state normative order that, from a positivist loyalist perception, is devoted to the principle of monogamy. This topic's significance to Law Theory lies in the theory of sources’ approach, the possibility of law creation and emergence beyond the legal order by acknowledging the existence of other normative orders of equal or higher importance than the state legal order, such as moral order and social traits (PINTO PEREIRA, 2013:30). In Angola, the (legal) normative order is based on the Law and the 19th-century positivist loyalist perception, but it coexists with another normative order based on Customs. Thus, we study the dialogue between the sources of Law in the Angolan legal system. Observing social phenomena, such as family composition, whose genesis fails to comply with the imperative state normative order, demonstrates the permanent conflict, the eventual necessary dialogue between the sources of Law, and the permeability of the state normative legal order to Customs. This perspective allows us to understand the existence of other different normative orders that coexist and often overlap with the Law by creating Law from Customs. In Angola, the Legal order and the Moral order, based on Customs, have always coexisted, and this has led the Angolan legislator to recognize in the Constitutional text the existence of other sources of Law beyond the legislation, without ranking them. Article 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of Angola (CRA) reflects the acknowledgment of other law manifestations beyond the Law emanating from the State and the coexistence of multiple legal orders, which compete, collaborate, and occasionally reject each other, aiming to adjust and accommodate them in a truly plural exercise. In the CRA, the legislator recognized the validity and legal force of Customs, provided that they do not oppose the Constitution nor threaten the human person’s dignity, promoting Customs to the category of immediate source of law.
This work intends to recognize legal pluralism and its influence on every domain of social relationships in Angola, particularly in the establishment of legal family relationships. It aims to approach legal pluralism, from a Law Theory perspective, by studying the sources of Law, to understand the distance that separates the legal regulations emanating from State Law and social reality, which, conversely, is based on customs reflected in the family relationships established, namely, the extended polygamous family (DUMBO, 2019:121), under well-defined rules. In Angola, there are overlapping families sharing one same individual, contrasting with the state normative order that, from a positivist loyalist perception, is devoted to the principle of monogamy. This topic's significance to Law Theory lies in the theory of sources’ approach, the possibility of law creation and emergence beyond the legal order by acknowledging the existence of other normative orders of equal or higher importance than the state legal order, such as moral order and social traits (PINTO PEREIRA, 2013:30). In Angola, the (legal) normative order is based on the Law and the 19th-century positivist loyalist perception, but it coexists with another normative order based on Customs. Thus, we study the dialogue between the sources of Law in the Angolan legal system. Observing social phenomena, such as family composition, whose genesis fails to comply with the imperative state normative order, demonstrates the permanent conflict, the eventual necessary dialogue between the sources of Law, and the permeability of the state normative legal order to Customs. This perspective allows us to understand the existence of other different normative orders that coexist and often overlap with the Law by creating Law from Customs. In Angola, the Legal order and the Moral order, based on Customs, have always coexisted, and this has led the Angolan legislator to recognize in the Constitutional text the existence of other sources of Law beyond the legislation, without ranking them. Article 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of Angola (CRA) reflects the acknowledgment of other law manifestations beyond the Law emanating from the State and the coexistence of multiple legal orders, which compete, collaborate, and occasionally reject each other, aiming to adjust and accommodate them in a truly plural exercise. In the CRA, the legislator recognized the validity and legal force of Customs, provided that they do not oppose the Constitution nor threaten the human person’s dignity, promoting Customs to the category of immediate source of law.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Direito e Ciência Jurídica, 2025, Faculdade de Direito, Universidade de Lisboa
Palavras-chave
Fontes de direito Costume Pluralismo Família Monogamia Poligamia Teses de mestrado - 2025