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Traços de personalidade e resiliência : diferenças entre sexos e idade na população geral
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Esta dissertação insere-se no domínio da Psicologia Clínica e estuda a relação entre os Traços de Personalidade e a Resiliência. Destaca-se um dos objetivos principais deste estudo que tem como finalidade explorar a capacidade preditiva dos Traços de Personalidade em relação à Resiliência na população geral adulta, e verificar se existem diferenças nas variáveis sociodemográficas, sexo e idade. A amostra deste estudo é constituída por 333 adultos da população geral, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 83 anos (M = 41.08 anos; DP = 13.60 anos), 203 participantes do sexo feminino (M = 40.67 anos; DP = 13.01 anos) e 130 participantes do sexo masculino (M = 41.74 anos; DP = 14.07 anos). Foram administrados dois instrumentos de autorrelato: Escala de Resiliência Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC); Inventário dos Cinco Fatores da Personalidade (NEO-FFI). Verificou-se a existência de diferentes perfis de Traços de Personalidade com capacidade preditiva da Resiliência. Na população geral, observam-se os Traços de Personalidade, Neuroticismo (β = - .05), Extroversão (β = .43), Abertura à Experiência (β = .16) e Conscienciosidade (β = .46); como preditores de Resiliência, tendo um valor explicativo de 98% da variância dos resultados. No sexo feminino, verificam-se como preditores, o Neuroticismo (β = - .05), Extroversão (β = .46), Abertura à Experiência (β = .19) e a Conscienciosidade (β = .40) na explicação de 98% da variância dos resultados da Resiliência. No sexo masculino, verificam-se os traços Extroversão (β = .30), Amabilidade (β = .19) e Conscienciosidade (β = .50) como preditores da Resiliência, explicando 97% da variância dos resultados. No grupo de idade ≤ 40 anos, verifica-se a Extroversão (β = .49), a Abertura à Experiência (β = .11), e a Conscienciosidade (β = .40) como preditores da Resiliência (R2 = .98). No grupo de idade ≥ 41 anos, verifica-se a Extroversão (β = .38) e a Conscienciosidade (β = .61) como preditores da Resiliência (R2 = .98). Conclui-se que os Traços de Personalidade possuem valor preditivo sobre a Resiliência, existindo diferentes perfis de predição de acordo com os dados sociodemográficos do indivíduo, especificamente o sexo e a idade. Investigações futuras poderão aprofundar esta relação, através da exploração as facetas dos Traços de Personalidade e os fatores da Resiliência, de modo a compreender em profundidade as variâncias nas variáveis sociodemográficas.
This dissertation is inserted in the field of Clinical Psychology and studies the relation between the Personality Traits and the Resilience. One of the main goals of this study intents to explore the predictive ability of the Personality Traits on the Resilience in the general adult population, and to test for the existence of differences in the sociodemographic variables, such as sex and age. The sample of this study is constituted by 333 adults of the general population, with an age range from 18 to 83 years-old (M = 41.08; SD = 13.60), of whom 203 are female participants (M = 40.67 years; SD = 13.01 years) and 130 male participants (M = 41.74 years; SD = 14.07 years). Two self-report instruments were administered: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC); The Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). It was verified the existence of different profiles of Personality Traits with predictive ability of Resilience. In the general population, the Personality Traits Neuroticism (β = - .05), Extraversion (β = .43), Openness to Experience (β = .16), and Conscientiousness (β = .46) are found to be predictors of Resilience, explaining 98% of the variance of the results. For the female sex, Neuroticism (β = - .05), Extraversion (β = .46), Openness to Experience (β = .19), and Conscientiousness (β = .40) explain 98% of the variance of the results in the Resilience. For the male sex, the traits Extraversion (β = .30), Agreeableness (β = .19), and Conscientiousness (β = .50) are predictors of Resilience, explaining 97% of the variance of the results. In the age group ≤ 40 years, Extraversion (β = .49), Openness to Experience (β = .11), and Conscientiousness (β = .40) are found to be predictors of Resilience (R2 = .98). In the age group ≥ 41 years, Extraversion (β = .38) and Conscientiousness (β = .61) are found to be predictors of Resilience (R2 = .98). In conclusion, the Personality Traits have predictive value on the Resilience, being that it exists different profiles of prediction according to the sociodemographic data of the individual, specifically sex and age. Future research should analyse further this relation, exploring the facets of the Personality Traits and the factors of the Resilience, as a way to understand more deeply the variances in the sociodemographic variables.
This dissertation is inserted in the field of Clinical Psychology and studies the relation between the Personality Traits and the Resilience. One of the main goals of this study intents to explore the predictive ability of the Personality Traits on the Resilience in the general adult population, and to test for the existence of differences in the sociodemographic variables, such as sex and age. The sample of this study is constituted by 333 adults of the general population, with an age range from 18 to 83 years-old (M = 41.08; SD = 13.60), of whom 203 are female participants (M = 40.67 years; SD = 13.01 years) and 130 male participants (M = 41.74 years; SD = 14.07 years). Two self-report instruments were administered: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC); The Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). It was verified the existence of different profiles of Personality Traits with predictive ability of Resilience. In the general population, the Personality Traits Neuroticism (β = - .05), Extraversion (β = .43), Openness to Experience (β = .16), and Conscientiousness (β = .46) are found to be predictors of Resilience, explaining 98% of the variance of the results. For the female sex, Neuroticism (β = - .05), Extraversion (β = .46), Openness to Experience (β = .19), and Conscientiousness (β = .40) explain 98% of the variance of the results in the Resilience. For the male sex, the traits Extraversion (β = .30), Agreeableness (β = .19), and Conscientiousness (β = .50) are predictors of Resilience, explaining 97% of the variance of the results. In the age group ≤ 40 years, Extraversion (β = .49), Openness to Experience (β = .11), and Conscientiousness (β = .40) are found to be predictors of Resilience (R2 = .98). In the age group ≥ 41 years, Extraversion (β = .38) and Conscientiousness (β = .61) are found to be predictors of Resilience (R2 = .98). In conclusion, the Personality Traits have predictive value on the Resilience, being that it exists different profiles of prediction according to the sociodemographic data of the individual, specifically sex and age. Future research should analyse further this relation, exploring the facets of the Personality Traits and the factors of the Resilience, as a way to understand more deeply the variances in the sociodemographic variables.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Psicologia Clínica Dinâmica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2019
Palavras-chave
Traços de personalidade Resiliência Psicologia clínica Teses de mestrado - 2019