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Fatores condicionantes da lealdade partidária no contexto eleitoral
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O comportamento do eleitor tem sido matéria de diversos estudos, sendo a lealdade partidária um conceito de destaque, tendo em conta a procura dos partidos em atrair e reter o eleitorado. A presente investigação procura explorar, tendo por base o contexto político português, fatores que condicionam o desenvolvimento e manutenção da lealdade do eleitor a um partido. A vertente antecedente da lealdade partidária foi explorada tendo por base os conceitos de envolvimento, confiança, satisfação, ideologia e influência do contexto familiar.
O presente estudo tem um propósito exploratório, seguindo uma abordagem qualitativa, sendo a amostra não probabilística por conveniência. Foram realizadas quinze entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas a eleitores portugueses, conduzidas presencialmente e via digital. Os dados recolhidos foram posteriormente analisados tendo por base a análise qualitativa de conteúdo.
Os resultados obtidos permitem destacar enquanto fatores com mais impacto no desenvolvimento e manutenção da lealdade partidária: (1) confiança no partido, influenciada pelo fator humano, atuação e coerência; (2) satisfação com a força partidária, inerente à vertente emocional do eleitor, bem como à liderança e políticas partidárias; (3) proximidade ideológica entre o partido e o eleitor. Ficou ainda evidente a relação de influência entre a vertente atitudinal e comportamental da lealdade a uma força partidária.
A investigação permitiu desenvolver a teoria do comportamento do eleitor, contribuindo para colmatar a lacuna existente no estudo da lealdade partidária, identificando fatores seus condicionantes. A nível partidário gerou insights úteis às estruturas partidárias, no sentido de terem um melhor conhecimento do eleitorado, potencializando a sua conquista e retenção.
Voter behaviour has been subject of several studies, with party loyalty being a prominent concept, taking into account the parties demand to attract and retain the electorate. The present investigation seeks to explore, based on the portuguese political context, factors that condition the development and maintenance of voter loyalty to a political party. Loyalty was explored based on the concepts of involvement, trust, satisfaction, ideology and influence of the family context. The present study has an exploratory purpose, following a qualitative approach, and the sample is non-probabilistic for convenience. Fifteen semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with portuguese voters, in person and digitally. The collected data were subsequently analyzed based on qualitative content analysis. The results obtained allow to highlight as factors that most impact the development and maintenance of party loyalty: (1) confidence in the party, influenced by the human factor, performance and coherence; (2) satisfaction with political party, inherent to the voters emotional side, as well as party policies and party leadership; (3) ideological proximity between the party and the voter. The relationship of influence between the attitudinal and behavioural aspects of loyalty to a party was also evident. The investigation allowed to develop the theory of voter behaviour, contributing to bridge the gap in the study of party loyalty, identifying factors that condition it. At the party level, it has a practical contribution, since it has provided key insights for party structures, allowed a better knowledge of the electorate, enhancing the gain and retention of voters.
Voter behaviour has been subject of several studies, with party loyalty being a prominent concept, taking into account the parties demand to attract and retain the electorate. The present investigation seeks to explore, based on the portuguese political context, factors that condition the development and maintenance of voter loyalty to a political party. Loyalty was explored based on the concepts of involvement, trust, satisfaction, ideology and influence of the family context. The present study has an exploratory purpose, following a qualitative approach, and the sample is non-probabilistic for convenience. Fifteen semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with portuguese voters, in person and digitally. The collected data were subsequently analyzed based on qualitative content analysis. The results obtained allow to highlight as factors that most impact the development and maintenance of party loyalty: (1) confidence in the party, influenced by the human factor, performance and coherence; (2) satisfaction with political party, inherent to the voters emotional side, as well as party policies and party leadership; (3) ideological proximity between the party and the voter. The relationship of influence between the attitudinal and behavioural aspects of loyalty to a party was also evident. The investigation allowed to develop the theory of voter behaviour, contributing to bridge the gap in the study of party loyalty, identifying factors that condition it. At the party level, it has a practical contribution, since it has provided key insights for party structures, allowed a better knowledge of the electorate, enhancing the gain and retention of voters.
Descrição
Mestrado em Marketing
Palavras-chave
Comportamento do Eleitor Lealdade Partidária Envolvimento Confiança Satisfação Ideologia Contexto Familiar Voter Behaviour Party Loyaltyt Involvement Confidence Satisfaction Ideology Family Context
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Matos, Patrícia Cardoso Saldanha de (2020). "Fatores condicionantes da lealdade partidária no contexto eleitoral". Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão