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Este trabalho pretende clarificar o instituto da exoneração do passivo restante,
atendendo Ă crescente importĂąncia que este tem vindo a merecer na sociedade portuguesa.
Previsto nos artigos 235Âș a 248Âș do CĂłdigo da InsolvĂȘncia e da Recuperação de Empresas (CIRE), apresenta-se como um benefĂcio para o devedor que pode ver-se exonerado âdos crĂ©ditos sobre a insolvĂȘncia que nĂŁo forem integralmente pagos no processo de insolvĂȘncia ou nos cinco anos posteriores ao encerramento desteâ (art. 235Âș do CIRE), desde que cumpridas determinadas obrigaçÔes.
A exoneração Ă© aplicĂĄvel a pessoas singulares previamente declaradas insolventes e que expressamente o requeiram (art. 236Âș, nÂș1 CIRE), declarando que
preenchem os requisitos estando dispostos a observar todas as condiçÔes legalmente
exigidas (art. 236Âș, nÂș 3 CIRE).
Subsequentemente, o juiz analisarĂĄ o comportamento anterior e atual do requerente, atendendo aos fundamentos de indeferimento (art. 238Âș CIRE. Concluindo
pela não verificação de nenhum desses factos e pelo merecimento da aplicação do
procedimento tendente à exoneração, profere-se despacho inicial. Inaugura-se então o
perĂodo de cinco anos durante o qual o insolvente observa os deveres elencados no art. 239Âș CIRE, nomeadamente cede o seu rendimento disponĂvel, aferido nos termos do nÂș3, ao fiduciĂĄrio, encarregue de liquidar os crĂ©dito pela ordem prevista no art. 241Âș
CIRE.
Findo o perĂodo de cessĂŁo e cumpridas todas as obrigaçÔes, concede-se a exoneração liberando o devedor das dĂvidas remanescentes. Ă o princĂpio do fresh-start
que aqui estĂĄ presente, permitindo o recomeço do devedor a nĂvel social, econĂłmico e laboral.
Conclui-se que a exoneração do passivo restante baseia-se em critĂ©rios rĂgidos,
os quais devem, contudo, ser rigorosamente ponderados pelo juiz, evitando que o
instituto não se torne um recurso fåcil para o escape das obrigaçÔes.
This study aims to clarify the institute of the exoneration of the remaining passive due to the increasing importance that the institute has earned in the Portuguese society. Foreseen in the articles 235Âș to 248Âș of the CĂłdigo de InsolvĂȘncia e da Recuperação de Empresas (CIRE), the institute seems to be a benefit to the debtor, which may be exonerated from the remaining passive, since that certain obligations are fulfilled. The exoneration is applicable to singular persons declared insolvent that require the application of the institute (art. 236Âș, nÂș 1 CIRE), making sure that all the requisites are filled in and all the legal formalities are fulfilled (art. 236Âș, nÂș 3 CIRE). Subsequently, the judge will review previous and current behavior of the applicant, taking into account the motives for rejection (art. 238Âș CIRE). Concluding that there is no reasons for rejection and that the applicant deserves the benefit, the judge pronounces the initial order, which inaugurates the five year period during which the insolvent should take into account the foreseen obligations (art. 239Âș CIRE). Mainly, the debtor has to assign his available income, determined on the art. 239, nÂș 3 CIRE, to the fiduciary. The last one is responsible to settle with creditors, according to the article 241Âș CIRE. Once ended the assignment period and fulfilled all the obligations is conceded the exoneration of the remaining passive. From this point onwards, it is presented the fresh-startÂŽs principle, which gives to the debtor the opportunity to restart a new life at different levels: social, financial and professional. To finish, we would like to highlight that the exoneration of the remaining passive is supported by rigid criteria. Nevertheless, the judge must examine with sharp attention these criteria avoiding that the institute becomes an easy way to extinction of obligations.
This study aims to clarify the institute of the exoneration of the remaining passive due to the increasing importance that the institute has earned in the Portuguese society. Foreseen in the articles 235Âș to 248Âș of the CĂłdigo de InsolvĂȘncia e da Recuperação de Empresas (CIRE), the institute seems to be a benefit to the debtor, which may be exonerated from the remaining passive, since that certain obligations are fulfilled. The exoneration is applicable to singular persons declared insolvent that require the application of the institute (art. 236Âș, nÂș 1 CIRE), making sure that all the requisites are filled in and all the legal formalities are fulfilled (art. 236Âș, nÂș 3 CIRE). Subsequently, the judge will review previous and current behavior of the applicant, taking into account the motives for rejection (art. 238Âș CIRE). Concluding that there is no reasons for rejection and that the applicant deserves the benefit, the judge pronounces the initial order, which inaugurates the five year period during which the insolvent should take into account the foreseen obligations (art. 239Âș CIRE). Mainly, the debtor has to assign his available income, determined on the art. 239, nÂș 3 CIRE, to the fiduciary. The last one is responsible to settle with creditors, according to the article 241Âș CIRE. Once ended the assignment period and fulfilled all the obligations is conceded the exoneration of the remaining passive. From this point onwards, it is presented the fresh-startÂŽs principle, which gives to the debtor the opportunity to restart a new life at different levels: social, financial and professional. To finish, we would like to highlight that the exoneration of the remaining passive is supported by rigid criteria. Nevertheless, the judge must examine with sharp attention these criteria avoiding that the institute becomes an easy way to extinction of obligations.
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InsolvĂȘncia Exoneração do passivo restante FalĂȘncia FidĂșcia Pessoa singular Teses de mestrado - 2014
