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Modelo para Otimização das Rotas de Recolha de Resíduos no Concelho de Santarém
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| 4.44 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos é um processo de elevada complexidade. Os municípios devem seguir diferentes normas definidas a nível nacional e europeu. Por outro lado, os processos de recolha e transporte acarretam elevados custos, correspondendo a uma elevada porção do orçamento destinado a este setor. Deste modo, é fundamental que o todos estes procedimentos se realizem de forma eficiente.
No âmbito do estágio realizado na Câmara Municipal de Santarém, foi defino como objetivo otimizar o atual sistema de rotas de recolha dos resíduos indiferenciados, em todo o município. Deste modo, o presente relatório pretende expor toda a informação referente a este sistema, e todos os procedimentos realizados tendo em vista a otimização das rotas. Devido à extensão do concelho, atualmente os circuitos de recolha são realizados por duas entidades, a CMS e RRI.
Os SIG serão um elemento chave, permitindo integração e o cruzamento de informação geográfica. Um exemplo é o software ArcGIS, utilizado neste estudo, que dispõem de diversas ferramentas, como a extensão Network Analyst. Esta desempenha um papel crucial na tomada de decisões estratégicas, possibilitando a análise espacial em rede. No presente estudo é fundamental uma network dataset que contenha todos os atributos referentes à rede viária, para a posterior execução dos processos de otimização. Assim, recorrendo à funcionalidade Vehicle Routing Problem, disponibilizada nesta extensão, tentar-se-á criar circuitos que englobem o maior número de pontos de recolha ao longo trajeto mais curto/rápido.
Foi considerada a atual distribuição dos equipamentos de deposição, pelas duas entidades. Por outro lado, foi equacionada uma alternativa ao atual local de descarga, visto que a sua localização é desvantajosa para diversas rotas. Com esta alternativa o tempo despendido no trajeto até ao local de descarga, e posteriormente até ao estaleiro, no caso dos circuitos na parte norte do concelho, reduz substancialmente.
Em suma, no caso da CMS foi possível uma redução no número de circuitos face ao realizado atualmente. Enquanto, no caso da RRI foi possível verificar que para percorrer todo a área sob a sua alçada os dois veículos que dispõe não são suficientes, se considerados os atuais turnos.
The Municipal solid waste management it is a complex process, the municipal should follow different standards already defined in a national and european level. Otherwise, this type of procedures have an expensive monetary value, which corresponds to a huge amount destined to this sector. In this way, it is fundamental that this process of collection and transport must be realize in an efficient way. In the context of my internship in CMS, was defined the optimization of the actual route collection of the undifferentiated waste. The present report intends to expose the information about the actual system and all the procedures done relative to the rout optimization. Due to the territorial extension, actually, the collection circuits are done by two entities, the CMS and RRI. The Geography Information System have a crucial role, allowing the integration and the cross of geography information. An example of that it is the software ArcGIS, used in this project, which have several tools, like the extension Network Analyst. This is an important element to take strategic decisions, allowing the spatial network analysis. In the present study it is fundamental an network dataset that carries all the necessary attributes to the layer road, to the subsequently execution of the optimization process. Anyway, using the functionality of Vehicle Routing Problem, available in this extension, I will try to create circuits that encompass a bigger number of collection points along a short/fast rout. Was consider the actual distribution of containers, done by two entities. Otherwise, was round an alternative to the actual discharge location, from the reason of the disfavored location to diverse routers. With this alternative of time spent in the itinerary to the discharge local/ depot then until the shipyard, in case of the circuits in the north of Santarém, reduce significantly. As a final point, in case of CMS was possible a reduction in the numbers of circuits compared to one currently performed. While, in case of the RRI was possible to verify two vehicles are not enough to cover the entire area, if you consider the current work shifts.
The Municipal solid waste management it is a complex process, the municipal should follow different standards already defined in a national and european level. Otherwise, this type of procedures have an expensive monetary value, which corresponds to a huge amount destined to this sector. In this way, it is fundamental that this process of collection and transport must be realize in an efficient way. In the context of my internship in CMS, was defined the optimization of the actual route collection of the undifferentiated waste. The present report intends to expose the information about the actual system and all the procedures done relative to the rout optimization. Due to the territorial extension, actually, the collection circuits are done by two entities, the CMS and RRI. The Geography Information System have a crucial role, allowing the integration and the cross of geography information. An example of that it is the software ArcGIS, used in this project, which have several tools, like the extension Network Analyst. This is an important element to take strategic decisions, allowing the spatial network analysis. In the present study it is fundamental an network dataset that carries all the necessary attributes to the layer road, to the subsequently execution of the optimization process. Anyway, using the functionality of Vehicle Routing Problem, available in this extension, I will try to create circuits that encompass a bigger number of collection points along a short/fast rout. Was consider the actual distribution of containers, done by two entities. Otherwise, was round an alternative to the actual discharge location, from the reason of the disfavored location to diverse routers. With this alternative of time spent in the itinerary to the discharge local/ depot then until the shipyard, in case of the circuits in the north of Santarém, reduce significantly. As a final point, in case of CMS was possible a reduction in the numbers of circuits compared to one currently performed. While, in case of the RRI was possible to verify two vehicles are not enough to cover the entire area, if you consider the current work shifts.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos SIG Network Analyst otimização de rotas Santarém