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O alargamento da escolaridade obrigatória para as meninas portuguesas (1960), uma medida legislativa envergonhada: sua representação nos jornais
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Com a ascensão do regime do Estado Novo (1933), sustentado ideologicamente por um pensamento antiliberal, de cariz católico, a existência da mulher confunde-se com a da família, estando-lhe reservado o espaço doméstico. Um discurso, focalizado no elogio da diferença, enforma a construção social da educação. A partir dos anos 40, do séc. XX, os mecanismos de resistência às transformações sociais, desencadeadas sobretudo pela 2.ª guerra mundial, tornam-se inoperantes e a política educativa terá de alterar o seu direccionamento. Em Portugal, o alargamento para quatro anos da escolaridade das meninas deu-se tardiamente, no ano de 1960, quando essa frequência para os rapazes era já obrigatória desde finais de 1956 e por toda a Europa a educação da mulher ocupava um lugar importante. Tendo em atenção que a imprensa periódica foi, até à difusão alargada de outros meios de comunicação de massas (Televisão, Internet), o principal instrumento de (in)formação da opinião pública, pretende-se aqui analisar o papel dos jornais como fonte para a história da educação, a partir do tratamento dado àquela medida governamental em artigos de opinião e notícias publicados na época.
The rise of Estado Novo (1933) in the Portuguese political scene meant also the rise of an anti-liberal, catholic-driven thought, according to which the role of females is circumscribed to family and house holding. At same time, a speech highlighting gender differences shapes the social construction of public education. However, the 1940s and the 2nd World War bring fundamental changes, as the mechanisms of resistance against social transformation became inoperative and education policies had to face a shift in its guidance. In Portugal, the expansion of compulsory instruction for female students, now on fixed in a minimum of four years, occurred in late times, just in 1960. Our adjective ‘late’ is backed up by the fact that this minimum period of male students was already in place since 1956 and also because compulsory instruction for female students was already more valuated in all over Europe by that time. Our analysis deals with the fact that press media was – until the start of overall broadcast with the use of other mass means of communication such as television and, very recently, the Internet – the main instrument of formation (and information) for public opinion. In this sense, we will try to analyse the role daily newspapers have as a documental source for the study in history of education, departing from the treatment they gave to the 1960 measure that expanded compulsory instruction for female students. For this, we will highlight opinions and pieces of news that were broadcasted by that time.
The rise of Estado Novo (1933) in the Portuguese political scene meant also the rise of an anti-liberal, catholic-driven thought, according to which the role of females is circumscribed to family and house holding. At same time, a speech highlighting gender differences shapes the social construction of public education. However, the 1940s and the 2nd World War bring fundamental changes, as the mechanisms of resistance against social transformation became inoperative and education policies had to face a shift in its guidance. In Portugal, the expansion of compulsory instruction for female students, now on fixed in a minimum of four years, occurred in late times, just in 1960. Our adjective ‘late’ is backed up by the fact that this minimum period of male students was already in place since 1956 and also because compulsory instruction for female students was already more valuated in all over Europe by that time. Our analysis deals with the fact that press media was – until the start of overall broadcast with the use of other mass means of communication such as television and, very recently, the Internet – the main instrument of formation (and information) for public opinion. In this sense, we will try to analyse the role daily newspapers have as a documental source for the study in history of education, departing from the treatment they gave to the 1960 measure that expanded compulsory instruction for female students. For this, we will highlight opinions and pieces of news that were broadcasted by that time.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
História da Educação Escolaridade feminina Imprensa periódica
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Revista HISTEDBR On-line, Campinas, n.36, p. 3-13, dez. 2009.