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A interpretação dos contratos na CISG
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O ponto nodal do presente estudo refere-se à interpretação dos contratos no âmbito da Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre Contratos de Compra e Venda Internacional de Mercadorias (CISG), celebrada em Viena, em 11 de abril de 1980. Devido à natureza complexa dos contratos internacionais, bem como o objetivo da CISG em uniformizar as regras no comércio internacional, ainda restam lacunas que resultam em litígios judiciais decorrentes das diferentes interpretações que as partes oriundas de Estados com culturas e sistemas jurídicos distintos obtêm sobre uma mesma cláusula contratual ou norma da Convenção. Muitas dessas divergências decorrem de diferenças nas tradições jurídicas, práticas culturais e costumes comerciais, bem como de barreiras linguísticas, com traduções que, por vezes, não correspondem totalmente ao texto legal original. Este estudo explora os mecanismos e soluções oferecidos pela Convenção para superar essas diferenças, sendo essencial entender a abordagem da Convenção quanto à interpretação de contratos, incluindo uma análise dos critérios subjetivos e objetivos que ela estabelece. Além disso, essa interpretação será comparada com as abordagens de outros sistemas legais, como os Códigos Civis brasileiro e português. Cabe esclarecer também a diferença entre a interpretação do contrato, prevista no artigo 8º da CISG, e a interpretação da Convenção, estabelecida no artigo 7º da CISG, além de analisar como os tribunais têm aplicado estas regras.
The main point of this study regards the interpretation of contracts under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), signed in Vienna on April 11, 1980. Given the complexity of international contracts and the CISG's goal of harmonizing rules in global trade, gaps remain, often leading to disputes. These arise from differing interpretations of the same contractual clause or provision of the Convention by parties from various countries, each with distinct legal systems and cultural backgrounds. Many of these divergences stem from differences in legal traditions, cultural practices, and commercial customs, as well as language barriers, with translations that are sometimes not fully aligned with the original legal text. This study explores the mechanisms and solutions offered by the CISG to address such differences. A thorough understanding of how the Convention approaches contract interpretation is crucial, including an analysis of both the subjective and objective criteria it sets out. Additionally, this interpretation will be compared with the approaches found in other legal frameworks, such as the Brazilian and Portuguese Civil Codes. The study also distinguishes between the interpretation of contracts, as outlined in Article 8 of the CISG, and the interpretation of the Convention itself, as provided in Article 7, with a focus on how courts have applied these provisions.
The main point of this study regards the interpretation of contracts under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), signed in Vienna on April 11, 1980. Given the complexity of international contracts and the CISG's goal of harmonizing rules in global trade, gaps remain, often leading to disputes. These arise from differing interpretations of the same contractual clause or provision of the Convention by parties from various countries, each with distinct legal systems and cultural backgrounds. Many of these divergences stem from differences in legal traditions, cultural practices, and commercial customs, as well as language barriers, with translations that are sometimes not fully aligned with the original legal text. This study explores the mechanisms and solutions offered by the CISG to address such differences. A thorough understanding of how the Convention approaches contract interpretation is crucial, including an analysis of both the subjective and objective criteria it sets out. Additionally, this interpretation will be compared with the approaches found in other legal frameworks, such as the Brazilian and Portuguese Civil Codes. The study also distinguishes between the interpretation of contracts, as outlined in Article 8 of the CISG, and the interpretation of the Convention itself, as provided in Article 7, with a focus on how courts have applied these provisions.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Direito e Ciência Jurídica, 2025, Faculdade de Direito, Universidade de Lisboa
Palavras-chave
Contratos internacionais Interpretação Comércio internacional CISG Teses de mestrado – 2025