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Exploring Visuospatial Processing Abilities in Individuals with Developmental Dyslexia
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
This study investigated visuospatial processing in individuals with varying reading
skills, and specifically, local, component-based processing and global configural processing
by adults with developmental dyslexia, a specific developmental reading disorder, and agematched controls. Our goal was, first, to replicate the prior observed advantage of dyslexic
over typical readers in the impossible/possible figure decision task, and next to investigate
whether this advantage extends to another, independent, same-different matching task on 3D
representation of novel objects, where local and global elements were orthogonally
manipulated. We hypothesized that dyslexics’ advantage could be due to an evolutionary
tradeoff between reading and visuospatial processing, in line with the Neuronal Recycling
Hypothesis. Previously, dyslexics were observed to be significantly faster than controls in
recognizing impossible objects. We did not replicate this finding, but our results were
consistent with it, given that dyslexics were more accurate than typical readers in recognizing
both possible and impossible figures, with no reaction time costs. In the same-different
matching task of 3D objects, there were no significant differences between reading groups
across task, i.e., irrespective of whether the object pair was the exact same object, two
completely different objects, two objects sharing the same local parts, or sharing the same
global shape. Nonetheless, a significant positive correlation was found between participants’
sensitivity to local similarity, reflected by longer decision times when objects shared local
parts, and their reading comprehension skills: the larger the priority of global contour over
local elements, the better readers’ text comprehension. Such results suggest a stronger
reliance on local information processing by dyslexics. The present results suggest that poor
readers might adopt a more analytic than holistic strategy, both in reading and visual
processing, which might be compatible with the Neuronal Recycling Hypothesis.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Ciência Cognitiva, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
dislexia de desenvolvimento processamento visuo-espacial leitura figuras impossíveis processamento configuracional Teses de mestrado - 2023