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Análise dos Processos Estratégicos de Competição e Oposição entre Blocos de Atores Geoeconómicos, pelo Domínio da Cadeia Global de Valor da Indústria de Semicondutores: 2000 a 2023
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Esta investigação busca compreender as estratégias utilizadas pelos Blocos de Atores geoeconómicos formados pelos Estados Unidos da América – União Europeia e República Popular da China em competição e oposição através de disputas e diferendos pelo domínio da cadeia global de valor (CGV) da indústria de semicondutores no período temporal entre 2000 e 2023. Este estudo de caso assenta no paradigma interpretativo e numa abordagem metodológica mista, predominantemente qualitativa, e recorre à Teoria Geral da Estratégia (TGE) e ao Processo Estratégico de uma forma pragmática e utilitarista para compreender e sintetizar a atuação estratégica dos Blocos envolvidos nesta disputa geoeconómica. O enquadramento teórico desenvolvido partiu da TGE e do Processo Estratégico referidos por Ribeiro, num ambiente centrado na Geoeconomia, nomeadamente na ótica de Luttwak. Sustenta-se nos contributos de Ribeiro quanto à estratégia integral onde os fatores de decisão – objetivo, meios, meio, tempo e contrário – se enquadram para desestabilizarem o centro de gravidade dos contrários, ao articularem-se em modalidades de ação estratégicas (MDAE) utilizadas como instrumentos ou meios geoeconómicos no âmbito desta CGV. Apresentam-se três contributos para os Estudos Estratégicos. O primeiro, no âmbito da TGE, carateriza e analisa as MDAE a que os atores identificados recorreram para dominarem a CGV em estudo, resumindo-as num quadro-síntese indicando a articulação dos fatores de decisão em cada uma destas. Partindo desta análise, no âmbito do Processo Estratégico, conclui-se que estas MDAE correspondem a intenções estratégicas semelhantes que podem ser conceitualizadas como ideias estratégicas de autonomia, interdependência, independência, autossuficiência e proteção, consistindo no segundo contributo. A construção de dois cenários futuros alternativos, a partir de uma Matriz SWOT que combina essas ideias estratégicas com as estratégias genéricas de crescimento, focalização, diversificação e defesa, constitui um terceiro contributo, nomeadamente para a Prospectiva Estratégica e o Processo Estratégico.
This research seeks to understand the strategies used by the geo-economic Blocs formed by the United States of America - the European Union and the People's Republic of China in competition and opposition through disputes and disagreements over control of the global value chain (GVC) of the semiconductor industry in the period between 2000 and 2023. The case study is based on an interpretative paradigm and a mixed methodological approach, predominantly qualitative, and uses General Strategy Theory (GST) and the Strategic Process in a pragmatic and utilitarian way to understand and synthesize the strategic actions of the Blocs involved in this geoeconomic dispute. The theoretical framework developed was based on the GST and on the Strategic Process referred to by Ribeiro, in an environment focused on Geoeconomics, namely from Luttwak's perspective. It is based on Ribeiro's contributions regarding integral strategy, where decision factors—objective, means, environment, time, and opponent—come together to destabilize the opponent's center of gravity by articulating themselves in strategic action modalities (MDAE) used as geoeconomic instruments or means within the scope of this GVC. Three contributions to Strategic Studies are presented. The first, within the scope of the TGE, characterizes and analyzes the MDAE that the identified actors used to master the CGV under study, summarizing them in a summary table indicating the articulation of the decision factors in each of them. Based on this analysis, within the scope of the Strategic Process, it is concluded that these MDAE correspond to similar strategic intentions that can be conceptualized as strategic ideas of autonomy, interdependence, independence, selfsufficiency, and protection, constituting the second contribution. The construction of two alternative future scenarios, based on a SWOT Matrix that combines these strategic ideas with the generic strategies of growth, focus, diversification, and defense, constitutes a third contribution, namely to Strategic Foresight and the Strategic Process.
This research seeks to understand the strategies used by the geo-economic Blocs formed by the United States of America - the European Union and the People's Republic of China in competition and opposition through disputes and disagreements over control of the global value chain (GVC) of the semiconductor industry in the period between 2000 and 2023. The case study is based on an interpretative paradigm and a mixed methodological approach, predominantly qualitative, and uses General Strategy Theory (GST) and the Strategic Process in a pragmatic and utilitarian way to understand and synthesize the strategic actions of the Blocs involved in this geoeconomic dispute. The theoretical framework developed was based on the GST and on the Strategic Process referred to by Ribeiro, in an environment focused on Geoeconomics, namely from Luttwak's perspective. It is based on Ribeiro's contributions regarding integral strategy, where decision factors—objective, means, environment, time, and opponent—come together to destabilize the opponent's center of gravity by articulating themselves in strategic action modalities (MDAE) used as geoeconomic instruments or means within the scope of this GVC. Three contributions to Strategic Studies are presented. The first, within the scope of the TGE, characterizes and analyzes the MDAE that the identified actors used to master the CGV under study, summarizing them in a summary table indicating the articulation of the decision factors in each of them. Based on this analysis, within the scope of the Strategic Process, it is concluded that these MDAE correspond to similar strategic intentions that can be conceptualized as strategic ideas of autonomy, interdependence, independence, selfsufficiency, and protection, constituting the second contribution. The construction of two alternative future scenarios, based on a SWOT Matrix that combines these strategic ideas with the generic strategies of growth, focus, diversification, and defense, constitutes a third contribution, namely to Strategic Foresight and the Strategic Process.
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Palavras-chave
Estratégia Cadeia Global de Valor Indústria dos Semicondutores Competição e Oposição Estratégica Geoeconomia Strategy Global Value Chain Semiconductor Industry Geoeconomics Competition and Strategic Opposition