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O perfil do gestor de topo e a adoção da indústria 4.0 por parte das pequenas e médias empresas em Portugal
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A Indústria 4.0 (I4.0) representa uma transformação e atualização exponencial da
industrialização inteligente e, nesse sentido, resultado da sua relevância teórica e prática,
tem sido alvo de uma atenção global significativa. Está a digitalizar processos industriais
tradicionais, fazendo a ponte entre o mundo físico e virtual e abrindo possibilidades
extraordinárias de crescimento empresarial. Desta forma, é vista como uma estratégia que
visa reconstruir a cadeia de valor industrial através da descentralização da produção.
Neste estudo pretendeu-se analisar a relação entre os perfis e as perceções dos gestores
das pequenas e médias empresas (PME) com as suas intenções de adotar a I4.0. Assente
no modelo de Aceitação de Tecnologia, amplificado para conter as respetivas
determinantes socioambientais e tecnológicas do modelo Tecnologia-OrganizaçãoAmbiente (TAM-TOE - Awa et al., 2010; Chatterjee et al., 2021), o teste quantitativo das
hipóteses propostas baseia-se em dados recolhidos através de um inquérito realizado a
302 gestores de topo de PME portuguesas.
Os dados foram analisados pelo método dos mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS-SEM)
e os resultados confirmam a relevância da utilidade percebida (PU) e da facilidade de uso
percebida (FUP) como variáveis mediadoras das variáveis contextuais relevantes para a
intenção de adoção da I4.0. Nomeadamente, das perceções de vantagem competitiva, de
compatibilidade, de complexidade, de prontidão organizacional, do suporte de parceiros,
de barreiras estratégicas, do volume de negócios e do nível de educação. Adicionalmente,
verificou-se que o modelo TAM-TOE não se mostra suficiente para explicar a relevância
da orientação empreendedora individual (OEi) do gestor de topo nas intenções de adoção
da I4.0. Isto é, contrariamente ao que seria previsível, a PU e a FUP não medeiam
integralmente o efeito adicional significativo da OEi nas intenções de adotar estas
tecnologias.
Esta dissertação confirmou, pela primeira vez, a adequabilidade do TAM-TOE para
explicar as intenções de adoção da I4.0 nas PME, e explorou a possibilidade da OEi dos
gestores de topo adicionar poder explicativo para além deste modelo, o que se verificou.
Estes resultados sublinham a relevância do modelo teórico testado no âmbito da aceitação
da I4.0 por parte das PME e da relevância da OEi dos gestores de topo para a adoção de
tecnologias e inovações mais disruptivas, como são as da I4.0. Do ponto de vista prático,
promove uma melhor compreensão dos fatores que influenciam os gestores a adotar as
tecnologias da I4.0, estes resultados poderão servir de referência para políticas que visem
incentivar uma aceleração da mudança para este novo paradigma industrial.
Industry 4.0 represents an exponential transformation and upgrade of smart industrialization, and in that sense, as result of its theoretical and practical relevance, has received significant global attention. It is digitizing traditional industrial processes, bridging the gap between the physical and virtual worlds, and opening outstanding possibilities for business growth. Consists in a strategy that intends to restructure the industrial value chain by decentralizing production. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the profiles and perceptions of managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (PME) with their intentions to adopt I4.0. Based on the Technology Acceptance model, amplified to include the respective socio-environmental and technological determinants of the Technology-OrganizationEnvironment model (TAM-TOE - Awa et al., 2010; Chatterjee et al., 2021), the quantitative test of the proposed hypotheses is based on data collected through a survey conducted to 302 top managers of Portuguese PME. The data were analyzed through the partial least squares method (PLS-SEM) and the results confirm the relevance of perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (FUP) as mediating variables of the contextual variables relevant to the intention to adopt I4.0. Specifically, the perceptions of competitive advantage, compatibility, complexity, organizational readiness, partner support, strategic barriers, I4.0 tools and education level. Additionally, it was found that the TAM-TOE model is not sufficient to explain the relevance of top managers' individual entrepreneurial orientation (OEi) in I4.0 adoption intentions. That is, contrary to what might be expected, PU and FUP do not fully mediate the significant additional effect of OEi on intentions to adopt these technologies. This dissertation confirmed, for the first time, the adequacy of TAM-TOE to explain the adoption intentions of I4.0 in SME and explored the possibility of the OEi of top managers adding explanatory power beyond this model, which was verified. These results underline the relevance of the theoretical model tested in the context of the acceptance of I4.0 by SMEs and the relevance of the OEi of top managers for the adoption of more disruptive technologies and innovations, such as those of I4.0. From a practical perspective, promotes a better understanding of the factors that influence managers to adopt I4.0 technologies, these results may serve as a reference for policies aimed at encouraging an acceleration of the change to this new industrial paradigm.
Industry 4.0 represents an exponential transformation and upgrade of smart industrialization, and in that sense, as result of its theoretical and practical relevance, has received significant global attention. It is digitizing traditional industrial processes, bridging the gap between the physical and virtual worlds, and opening outstanding possibilities for business growth. Consists in a strategy that intends to restructure the industrial value chain by decentralizing production. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the profiles and perceptions of managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (PME) with their intentions to adopt I4.0. Based on the Technology Acceptance model, amplified to include the respective socio-environmental and technological determinants of the Technology-OrganizationEnvironment model (TAM-TOE - Awa et al., 2010; Chatterjee et al., 2021), the quantitative test of the proposed hypotheses is based on data collected through a survey conducted to 302 top managers of Portuguese PME. The data were analyzed through the partial least squares method (PLS-SEM) and the results confirm the relevance of perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (FUP) as mediating variables of the contextual variables relevant to the intention to adopt I4.0. Specifically, the perceptions of competitive advantage, compatibility, complexity, organizational readiness, partner support, strategic barriers, I4.0 tools and education level. Additionally, it was found that the TAM-TOE model is not sufficient to explain the relevance of top managers' individual entrepreneurial orientation (OEi) in I4.0 adoption intentions. That is, contrary to what might be expected, PU and FUP do not fully mediate the significant additional effect of OEi on intentions to adopt these technologies. This dissertation confirmed, for the first time, the adequacy of TAM-TOE to explain the adoption intentions of I4.0 in SME and explored the possibility of the OEi of top managers adding explanatory power beyond this model, which was verified. These results underline the relevance of the theoretical model tested in the context of the acceptance of I4.0 by SMEs and the relevance of the OEi of top managers for the adoption of more disruptive technologies and innovations, such as those of I4.0. From a practical perspective, promotes a better understanding of the factors that influence managers to adopt I4.0 technologies, these results may serve as a reference for policies aimed at encouraging an acceleration of the change to this new industrial paradigm.
Descrição
Mestrado Bolonha em Economia e Gestão de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
Palavras-chave
Inovação Indústria 4.0 TOE TAM Orientação Empreendedora Individual Intenções de Adotação Innovation Industry 4.0 Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation Adoption Intentions.
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Silva, Patrícia Alexandra Batista da (2022). “O perfil do gestor de topo e a adoção da indústria 4.0 por parte das pequenas e médias empresas em Portugal”. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão