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Barreiras arquitetónicas e facilitadores à participação social das pessoas mais velhas na comunidade: o papel da acessibilidade
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Nas sociedades desenvolvidas tem-se constatado um aumento no índice de envelhecimento e estima-se que mais de metade da população viva em zonas urbanas e essa proporção irá aumentar consideravelmente. As cidades não estão preparadas para uma população tão envelhecida, devido à presença de barreiras arquitetónicas, as quais poderão restringir ou impedir a participação social. No âmbito deste estudo, a acessibilidade física está associada ao ambiente físico, o qual promove o envolvimento ativo das atividades sociais, que resulta da interação entre as características individuais e os fatores ambientais.
O estudo decorreu na freguesia da Ajuda, em Lisboa e teve como objetivo geral, analisar quais as barreiras arquitetónicas e os facilitadores que influenciam a participação social das pessoas mais velhas na comunidade. Foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa, incorporando uma metodologia participativa, com o envolvimento de 17 participantes, com idades entre os 65 e os 90 anos, utilizando três técnicas de recolha de dados: atividade photovoice, entrevistas semiestruturadas e focus groups. Através de uma abordagem participativa, foi possível analisar que o número de barreiras na freguesia da Ajuda é superior ao de facilitadores; as implicações que estas têm no acesso à participação social e por fim identificaram-se as estratégias, que as pessoas mais velhas usam no presente e as que usarão no futuro. Estes resultados permitiram obter uma visão mais crítica e informada sobre os desafios enfrentados nesta freguesia.
In developed societies, there has been a noted increase in the ageing index, and it is estimated that more than half of the population lives in urban areas—a proportion that is expected to rise significantly. Cities are not prepared for such an ageing population, due to the presence of architectural barriers, which may restrict or prevent social participation. Within the scope of this study, physical accessibility is associated with the physical environment, which promotes active engagement in social activities, resulting from the interaction between individual characteristics and environmental factors. The study took place in the parish of Ajuda, in Lisbon, and its overall aim was to analyse the architectural barriers and facilitators that influence the social participation of older people within the community. A qualitative approach was adopted, incorporating a participatory methodology involving 17 participants, aged between 65 and 90, using three data collection techniques: photovoice activity, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups. Through this participatory approach, it was possible to observe that the number of barriers in the parish of Ajuda exceeds that of facilitators; the implications of these on access to social participation were examined, and finally,the strategies currently employed and those foreseen for the future were identified.These results provided a more critical and informed perspective on the challenges faced. These findings have provided a more critical and informed view of the challenges that are being faced in this community.
In developed societies, there has been a noted increase in the ageing index, and it is estimated that more than half of the population lives in urban areas—a proportion that is expected to rise significantly. Cities are not prepared for such an ageing population, due to the presence of architectural barriers, which may restrict or prevent social participation. Within the scope of this study, physical accessibility is associated with the physical environment, which promotes active engagement in social activities, resulting from the interaction between individual characteristics and environmental factors. The study took place in the parish of Ajuda, in Lisbon, and its overall aim was to analyse the architectural barriers and facilitators that influence the social participation of older people within the community. A qualitative approach was adopted, incorporating a participatory methodology involving 17 participants, aged between 65 and 90, using three data collection techniques: photovoice activity, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups. Through this participatory approach, it was possible to observe that the number of barriers in the parish of Ajuda exceeds that of facilitators; the implications of these on access to social participation were examined, and finally,the strategies currently employed and those foreseen for the future were identified.These results provided a more critical and informed perspective on the challenges faced. These findings have provided a more critical and informed view of the challenges that are being faced in this community.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Gerontologia Social
Palavras-chave
facilitadores; barreiras arquitetónicas; pessoas mais velhas; acessibilidade física; participação social; ambiente físico; facilitators; architectural barriers; older people; physical accessibility; social participation; physical environment.