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Crenças infantis sobre doenças e vacinas – A covid-19 aparece na conversa de crianças entre os 7 e os 10 anos?
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Resumo(s)
Enquadramento: o conhecimento dos conceitos infantis sobre saúde e doença é crucial
para que as crianças possam receber informações e intervenções adequad as à sua
capacidade de compreensão. Para o desenvolvimento destes conceitos contribui não só as
características de desenvolvimento das crianças, mas também as suas vivências e
experiências. Nos últimos anos, a pandemia COVID-19 modificou as vivências
normativas das crianças e expô-las a informação sobre doença que é pouco comum nestas
faixas etárias.
Objetivos: o objetivo central deste estudo foi explorar os conceitos infantis de doença,
depois da vivência da pandemia COVID-19, pretendendo identificar como é que as
crianças pensam em relação a doenças e de que forma é que a experiência vivida
permanece no seu discurso.
Método: este estudo recorreu a uma metodologia de natureza qualitativa, com a utilização
de uma entrevista semiestruturada, organizada em dimensões definidas a partir dos
objetivos estabelecidos. Participaram no estudo 63 crianças portuguesas entre os 7 e os
10 anos.
Resultados: no geral, a forma como as crianças de todas as idades falaram sobre doença
mostrou a partilha de muitas categorias, mas as crianças mais velhas revelaram uma
melhor compreensão das diferentes dimensões associadas à doença. Ao longo dessas
conversas, a COVID-19 mostrou estar presente e influenciar a forma como as crianças
(especialmente as mais velhas) pensam atualmente sobre outras doenças e sobre vacinas,
tendo aumentado a sua motivação para aderir ao procedimento. Em relação aos processos
de transmissão de doenças, as crianças apresentaram explicações e referências mais
complexas quando especificavam a doença COVID-19, sendo a diferença mais acentuada
no discurso das crianças mais novas.
Conclusões: os resultados confirmam uma orientação desenvolvimentista presente na
compreensão e representação infantil de doença. No seu discurso sobre a COVID-19, as
crianças mais novas refletiram uma aprendizagem mais mecanizada e automática,
enquanto as crianças mais velhas revelaram uma aprendizagem mais racional e refletida,
permitindo uma generalização da mesma a outros contextos.
Background: knowledge of children's concepts of health and illness is crucial for children to be able to receive information and interventions appropriate to their ability to understand them. Not only the developmental characteristics of children, but also their life experiences contribute to the development of these concepts. In the last few years, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the normative experiences of children and exposed them to information about illness that is uncommon to be exposed to in these age groups. Objectives: the main goal of this study was to explore children's concepts of illness after experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, aiming to identify how children think about illness and how the lived experience remains in their discourse. Methods: qualitative methodology, using a semi-structured interview, organized in dimensions defined based on the established objectives. 63 Portuguese children between the ages of 7 and 10 years old participated in the study. Results: overall, the way children of all ages talked about illness revealed they share many categories, but older children showed a better understanding of the different dimensions associated with illness. Throughout these conversations, COVID-19 was shown to be present and influence the way children (especially the older ones) currently think about other diseases and about vaccines, and it increased their motivation to adhere to the procedure. Regarding illness transmission, children presented more complex explanations and references when COVID-19 was specified, with the difference being more pronounced in the younger children's speech. Conclusions: the results confirm a developmental orientation present in children's understanding and representation of illness. In their speech regarding COVID-19, younger children reflected a more mechanized and automatic learning, while older children revealed a more rational and reflected learning, allowing a generalization of it to other contexts.
Background: knowledge of children's concepts of health and illness is crucial for children to be able to receive information and interventions appropriate to their ability to understand them. Not only the developmental characteristics of children, but also their life experiences contribute to the development of these concepts. In the last few years, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the normative experiences of children and exposed them to information about illness that is uncommon to be exposed to in these age groups. Objectives: the main goal of this study was to explore children's concepts of illness after experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic, aiming to identify how children think about illness and how the lived experience remains in their discourse. Methods: qualitative methodology, using a semi-structured interview, organized in dimensions defined based on the established objectives. 63 Portuguese children between the ages of 7 and 10 years old participated in the study. Results: overall, the way children of all ages talked about illness revealed they share many categories, but older children showed a better understanding of the different dimensions associated with illness. Throughout these conversations, COVID-19 was shown to be present and influence the way children (especially the older ones) currently think about other diseases and about vaccines, and it increased their motivation to adhere to the procedure. Regarding illness transmission, children presented more complex explanations and references when COVID-19 was specified, with the difference being more pronounced in the younger children's speech. Conclusions: the results confirm a developmental orientation present in children's understanding and representation of illness. In their speech regarding COVID-19, younger children reflected a more mechanized and automatic learning, while older children revealed a more rational and reflected learning, allowing a generalization of it to other contexts.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicopatologia do Desenvolvimento da Criança e do Adolescente – Prevenção e Intervenção, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia
Palavras-chave
Crianças Crenças Covid-19 Vacinação Educação para a saúde Dissertações de mestrado - 2023