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Pensar a materialidade na arquitetura
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Os níveis de poluição atmosférica das cidades até à atualidade têm origem na revolução industrial do séc. XIX e no consistente aumento populacional. O sector da construção é atualmente um dos principais consumidores de energia e emissores de gases de efeito de estufa. Tal facto, levantou a problemática da necessidade de introdução de práticas de sustentabilidade na Arquitetura, sendo este tema cada vez mais central nas decisões dos arquitetos. Neste Projeto Final de Mestrado são estudadas algumas vantagens da aplicação dos conceitos e princípios da sustentabilidade na Arquitetura e, de uma forma mais aprofundada, a relevância da escolha da materialidade do edifício para o alcance da mesma.
O projeto enquadra-se no masterplan do vale de Alcântara, onde se pretende inverter um processo de industrialização voltando a torná-lo produtivo e sustentável. Neste sentido, é proposto um projeto de renaturalização sobre toda a extensão do vale, posteriormente aproximada ao bairro de Campolide. Foi definido um plano urbano e um plano arquitetónico passando pela pormenorização dos métodos construtivos nos quais os princípios de sustentabilidade e materialidade são aplicados.
Pensar a materialidade de forma responsável consiste na procura de materiais com uma pegada ambiental reduzida e em formas de os articular construtivamente em harmonia e simbiose com o meio ambiente. Alguns dos fatores determinantes para a sua escolha são, o local de extração e transformação, o transporte, a durabilidade e a pegada carbónica e energética, considerando sempre as particularidades do sítio do projeto. Assim, foram escolhidos como os dois principais materiais de projeto o tijolo maciço face à vista e a madeira. Do último, destaco a utilização de elementos de madeira lamelada colada (glued laminated timber) para fins estruturais. São ambos materiais que podem ser recicláveis com matérias-primas de origem natural e com algumas características que podem ser enquadrados no domínio da construção sustentável.
The existing levels of air pollution of the cities to date originate from the industrial revolution on the 19th century and in the consistent population increase. The construction sector is currently one of the main energy consumers and emitters of greenhouse gases. This fact raised the need to introduce the issue of sustainability practices in architecture, which is an increasingly central matter in architects’ decisions. In this Master’s Final Project, some advantages of applying the concepts and principles of sustainability in architecture are studied and, more in dept, the relevance of choosing the materiality of the building for achieving this. The project is part of the masterplan for the Alcântara valley, where the intention is to reverse an industrialization process, making it productive and sustainable again. In this sense, a renaturalization project is proposed over the entire extension of the valley, subsequently brought closer to the Campolide neighbourhood. An urban plan and an architectural plan were defined, detailing the construction methods in which the principles of sustainability and materiality are applied. Thinking about materiality in a responsible way consists of looking for materials with a reduced environmental footprint and ways of constructively articulating them in harmony and symbiosis with the environment. Some of the determining factors for choosing the materiality are the place of extraction and transformation, transport, durability and the carbon and energy footprint, while always considering the particularities of the project site. Thus, solid exposed brick and wood were chosen as the two main project materials. Of the latter, I highlight the use of glued laminated timber elements for structural purposes. They are both materials that can be recyclable with raw materials of natural origin and with some characteristics that can be classified in the field of sustainable construction.
The existing levels of air pollution of the cities to date originate from the industrial revolution on the 19th century and in the consistent population increase. The construction sector is currently one of the main energy consumers and emitters of greenhouse gases. This fact raised the need to introduce the issue of sustainability practices in architecture, which is an increasingly central matter in architects’ decisions. In this Master’s Final Project, some advantages of applying the concepts and principles of sustainability in architecture are studied and, more in dept, the relevance of choosing the materiality of the building for achieving this. The project is part of the masterplan for the Alcântara valley, where the intention is to reverse an industrialization process, making it productive and sustainable again. In this sense, a renaturalization project is proposed over the entire extension of the valley, subsequently brought closer to the Campolide neighbourhood. An urban plan and an architectural plan were defined, detailing the construction methods in which the principles of sustainability and materiality are applied. Thinking about materiality in a responsible way consists of looking for materials with a reduced environmental footprint and ways of constructively articulating them in harmony and symbiosis with the environment. Some of the determining factors for choosing the materiality are the place of extraction and transformation, transport, durability and the carbon and energy footprint, while always considering the particularities of the project site. Thus, solid exposed brick and wood were chosen as the two main project materials. Of the latter, I highlight the use of glued laminated timber elements for structural purposes. They are both materials that can be recyclable with raw materials of natural origin and with some characteristics that can be classified in the field of sustainable construction.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Vale de Alcântara Sustentabilidade Materialidade Cerâmico Madeira
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Faculdade Arquitetura, Universidade Lisboa