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Burnout em estudantes de medicina moçambicanos : prevalência e fatores determinantes
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Introdução: O burnout é uma síndrome caraterizada por um estado de exaustão física, emocional e mental resultante de um envolvimento a longo prazo em situações de trabalho emocionalmente exigentes. Vários estudos têm demonstrado uma elevada prevalência de burnout em estudantes de medicina. A maioria dos estudos realizados baseiam-se em amostras da Europa e América, sendo menos estudada em África. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência do burnout em estudantes de Medicina moçambicanos e identificar os fatores preditores do burnout nesta população. Método: 120 estudantes de Medicina matriculados em universidades moçambicanas no ano letivo de 2022-2023 responderam ao Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT), Inventário de Fontes de Stress Académico no Curso de Medicina (IFSAM) e um conjunto de questões sobre o desempenho académico. Resultados: A prevalência de burnout foi de 44,17% e os principais fatores preditores de burnout foram os anos avançados do curso e o baixo grau de apoio emocional. As estudantes do sexo feminino, estudantes insatisfeitos com o seu desempenho, com reprovações prévias e que já pensaram em desistir do curso apresentaram níveis mais elevados de burnout. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem uma elevada prevalência de burnout em estudantes de medicina das escolas médicas de Moçambique e destacam a falta de apoio emocional e a circunstância dos anos mais avançados do curso como preditores do burnout. Estes resultados realçam a importância de se implementarem medidas de promoção da saúde mental para os estudantes, tanto a nível institucional quanto a nível pessoal de modo a evitar as consequências do burnout a longo prazo.
Backgorund: Burnout is a syndrome characterized by a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion resulting from long-term involvement in emotionally demanding work situations. Several studies have shown a high prevalence of burnout in medical students. Most of the studies conducted are based on samples from Europe and America, being less studied in Africa.Aims: To assess the prevalence of burnout in Mozambican medical students and to identify the predictors of burnout in this population. Method: 120 medical students enrolled in Mozambican universities in the 2022-2023 academic year answered the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT), Inventory of Sources of Academic Stress in the Medical Course (IFSAM) and a set of questions about academic performance. Results: The prevalence of burnout was 44.17% and the main predictors of burnout were the advanced years of the course and the low degree of emotional support. Female students, students dissatisfied with their performance, with previous failures and who had already thought about quitting the course presented higher levels of burnout. Conclusion: The results suggest a high prevalence of burnout in medical students of medical schools in Mozambique and highlight the lack of emotional support and the circumstance of the most advanced years of the course as predictors of burnout. These results highlight the importance of implementing mental health promotion measures for students at both institutional and personal levels in order to avoid the long-term consequences of burnout.
Backgorund: Burnout is a syndrome characterized by a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion resulting from long-term involvement in emotionally demanding work situations. Several studies have shown a high prevalence of burnout in medical students. Most of the studies conducted are based on samples from Europe and America, being less studied in Africa.Aims: To assess the prevalence of burnout in Mozambican medical students and to identify the predictors of burnout in this population. Method: 120 medical students enrolled in Mozambican universities in the 2022-2023 academic year answered the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT), Inventory of Sources of Academic Stress in the Medical Course (IFSAM) and a set of questions about academic performance. Results: The prevalence of burnout was 44.17% and the main predictors of burnout were the advanced years of the course and the low degree of emotional support. Female students, students dissatisfied with their performance, with previous failures and who had already thought about quitting the course presented higher levels of burnout. Conclusion: The results suggest a high prevalence of burnout in medical students of medical schools in Mozambique and highlight the lack of emotional support and the circumstance of the most advanced years of the course as predictors of burnout. These results highlight the importance of implementing mental health promotion measures for students at both institutional and personal levels in order to avoid the long-term consequences of burnout.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2023
Palavras-chave
Burnout Estudantes de medicina Fatores determinantes