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The mef(A) gene predominates among seven macrolide resistance genes identified in gram-negative strains representing 13 genera, isolated from healthy portuguese children
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Of the 176 randomly selected, commensal, gram-negative bacteria isolated from healthy children with low exposure to antibiotics, 138 (78%) carried one or more of the seven macrolide resistance genes tested in this study. These isolates included 79 (91%) isolates from the oral cavity and 59 (66%) isolates from urine samples. The mef(A) gene, coding for an efflux protein, was found in 73 isolates (41%) and was the most frequently carried gene. The mef(A) gene could be transferred from the donors into a gram-positive E. faecalis recipient and a gram-negative Escherichia coli recipient. The erm(B) gene transferred and was maintained in the E. coli transconjugants but was found in 0 to 100% of the E. faecalis transconjugants tested, while the other five genes could be transferred only into the E. coli recipient. The individual macrolide resistance genes were identified in 3 to 12 new genera. Eight (10%) of the oral isolates and 30 (34%) of the urine isolates for which the MICs were 2 to >500 _g of erythromycin per ml did not hybridize with any of the seven genes and may carry novel macrolide resistance genes.
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Ojo KK, Ulep C, Van Kirk N, et al. The mef(A) Gene Predominates among Seven Macrolide Resistance Genes Identified in Gram-Negative Strains Representing 13 Genera, Isolated from Healthy Portuguese Children. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2004;48(9):3451-3456.