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A leitura Ć© uma componente fundamental para o sucesso acadĆ©mico no Ensino Superior, e para estudantes com dificuldades ao nĆvel da leitura pode haver tambĆ©m consequĆŖncias que daĆ advĆŖm: apresentam maiores nĆveis de ansiedade, pior desempenho acadĆ©mico e elevados nĆveis de frustração. Ao mesmo tempo, tĆŖm uma ortografia pobre e nĆ£o conseguem igualar os outros estudantes na velocidade de leitura e escrita.
Assim, este estudo tem como objetivos identificar bons e fracos leitores do Ensino Superior e evidenciar padrƵes diferenciados de desempenho nos dois grupos em capacidades relacionadas com a leitura consoante o critĆ©rio de seleção dos participantes (TIL 1-min/ 3 provas coletivas relacionadas com conhecimento ortogrĆ”fico e fonologia supra-segmental). SĆ£o tambĆ©m analisadas as capacidades envolvidas na realização do TIL consoante o nĆvel de leitura dos participantes e o contributo da nomeação rĆ”pida na fluĆŖncia de leitura. Participaram neste estudo 126 estudantes universitĆ”rios, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 63 anos. Os participantes realizaram cinco provas coletivas relacionadas com conhecimento ortogrĆ”fico, fonologia supra-segmental e compreensĆ£o de leitura. Numa fase posterior, 70 desses estudantes (54 raparigas e 16 rapazes), foram avaliados num conjunto de provas individuais relacionadas com consciĆŖncia fonológica, memória fonológica, leitura de palavras e pseudopalavras, nomeação rĆ”pida e um questionĆ”rio de autorrelato. Os resultados mostram que os fracos leitores apresentam piores resultados ao nĆvel da leitura de pseudopalavras (descodificação), memória fonológica e nomeação rĆ”pida de cores, sendo o tamanho do efeito maior para a leitura de pseudopalavras. As capacidades de consciĆŖncia fonológica e leitura de palavras apenas estĆ£o comprometidas quando se analisa o desempenho dos participantes em função do desempenho em trĆŖs das provas coletivas aplicadas, sendo este critĆ©rio mais discriminativo de dificuldades de leitura. AlĆ©m disso, os dados indicam que hĆ” uma relação entre o questionĆ”rio de autorrelato e o nĆvel objetivo de leitura dos participantes, indicando que os estudantes universitĆ”rios tĆŖm consciĆŖncia das suas capacidades de leitura e escrita. Relativamente Ć s capacidades envolvidas na realização do TIL, os leitores fracos parecem apoiar-se mais na fonologia e os bons leitores no conhecimento ortogrĆ”fico. No que diz respeito Ć s capacidades envolvidas Ć nomeação rĆ”pida, os resultados mostram que a capacidade de nomear letras rapidamente e com precisĆ£o prediz a fluĆŖncia de leitura de palavras irregulares, em bons e em fracos
leitores. No caso de bons leitores, esta capacidade tambĆ©m prediz a fluĆŖncia de leitura de palavras e de pseudopalavras. O presente estudo reforƧa a ideia de que existe um dĆ©fice fonológico universal relacionado com as dificuldades de leitura, como se depreende pelas falhas ao nĆvel da descodificação. A nĆvel prĆ”tico, salienta-se a importĆ¢ncia do domĆnio do princĆpio alfabĆ©tico aquando da aprendizagem da leitura e a aplicação das trĆŖs provas coletivas no Ensino SecundĆ”rio para despiste de dificuldades de leitura.
Reading is an essential component of academic success in higher education. Students with reading difficulties struggle with higher anxiety levels, worse academic performance and higher levels of frustration. Furthermore, they have poor spelling and writing skills, and their reading and writing is slower than the normal readersās. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify good and poor readers in higher education, pointing differences in reading related skills for the two groups as we use a reading comprehension-based criterion (1-min TIL) or a set of collective tests measuring orthographic knowledge and supra-segmental phonology to select the participants. We also analyze the skills involved in the 1-min TIL for good and poor readers and the predictive value of rapid automatized naming in reading fluency. In this study participated 126 university students, aged 18 to 63 years. Participants completed five collective tests, related to orthographic knowledge, suprasegmental phonology and reading comprehension. At a later stage, 70 of the 126 students (54 females e 16 males), were tested with a set of individual tests related to phonological awareness, word and pseudoword reading, rapid naming and a self-report questionnaire. Results show that poor readers have a deficit in pseudoword reading (decoding), phonological memory and color rapid naming. Phonological awareness and word reading skills are also compromised, but only when we consider the results of three of the collective tests, showing that these tests are more discriminative of reading difficulties. Furthermore, the data show that there is a relation between the self-report questionnaire and the participantsā objective reading level, showing that university students are conscious of their reading abilities. Regarding the skills invloved in the 1-min TIL, poor readers seem to rely on decoding skills; good readers seem to rely on ortographic knowledge. Concerning rapid naming, the ability to rapid and accurately name letters predicts irregular words reading fluency in good and poor readers. In the case of good readers, it also predicts word and pseudowords reading fluency. The present study strengthens the idea of a universal phonological deficit related to reading difficulties, evidence that emerges from the decoding difficulties we obtained. At a practical level, we emphasize the importance of the alphabetic principleās mastery at the reading learning phases.
Reading is an essential component of academic success in higher education. Students with reading difficulties struggle with higher anxiety levels, worse academic performance and higher levels of frustration. Furthermore, they have poor spelling and writing skills, and their reading and writing is slower than the normal readersās. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify good and poor readers in higher education, pointing differences in reading related skills for the two groups as we use a reading comprehension-based criterion (1-min TIL) or a set of collective tests measuring orthographic knowledge and supra-segmental phonology to select the participants. We also analyze the skills involved in the 1-min TIL for good and poor readers and the predictive value of rapid automatized naming in reading fluency. In this study participated 126 university students, aged 18 to 63 years. Participants completed five collective tests, related to orthographic knowledge, suprasegmental phonology and reading comprehension. At a later stage, 70 of the 126 students (54 females e 16 males), were tested with a set of individual tests related to phonological awareness, word and pseudoword reading, rapid naming and a self-report questionnaire. Results show that poor readers have a deficit in pseudoword reading (decoding), phonological memory and color rapid naming. Phonological awareness and word reading skills are also compromised, but only when we consider the results of three of the collective tests, showing that these tests are more discriminative of reading difficulties. Furthermore, the data show that there is a relation between the self-report questionnaire and the participantsā objective reading level, showing that university students are conscious of their reading abilities. Regarding the skills invloved in the 1-min TIL, poor readers seem to rely on decoding skills; good readers seem to rely on ortographic knowledge. Concerning rapid naming, the ability to rapid and accurately name letters predicts irregular words reading fluency in good and poor readers. In the case of good readers, it also predicts word and pseudowords reading fluency. The present study strengthens the idea of a universal phonological deficit related to reading difficulties, evidence that emerges from the decoding difficulties we obtained. At a practical level, we emphasize the importance of the alphabetic principleās mastery at the reading learning phases.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia ClĆnica e da SaĆŗde, NĆŗcleo de Psicoterapia Cognitiva-Comportamental e Integrativa), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2015
Palavras-chave
Leitura Fonologia suprassegmental Compreensão da leitura HÔbitos de leitura Teses de mestrado - 2015
