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Lucio Costa, entre Portugal e Brasil : o estudo da arquitetura portuguesa como projeto de uma nova arquitetura brasileira
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A tese trata da ideia de uma nova arquitetura brasileira construída por Lucio Costa a partir da reivindicação pela herança arquitetônica portuguesa. Tomando como hipótese a ideia de que Lucio Costa encabeçou um projeto abrangente no qual a arquitetura portuguesa, sobretudo a arquitetura popular portuguesa, foi repertório de composição para implementação de uma nova arquitetura brasileira, i.e., uma arquitetura de aspecto/expressão mais condizente com a essência do povo brasileiro, desenhou-se o presente trabalho em dois campos: o campo do referencial teórico, pertencente ao contexto português, no qual Lucio Costa recolhe informações acerca da arquitetura portuguesa; e o campo da implementação, pertencente ao contexto brasileiro, no qual Lucio Costa implementa o seu projeto de uma nova arquitetura em duas esferas: 1) uma referente ao passado, selecionando – enquanto diretor da DET (Direção de Estudos e Tombamentos do Iphan) – um vocabulário que constituiria o patrimônio arquitetônico de valor (VPAB); e, a segunda 2), advogando através da palavra escrita – discurso teórico – os fundamentos e teorizações de uma legitimação arquitetônica brasileira (LIAB) e de uma justificação arquitetônica moderna brasileira (JAMB). Significa dizer que o projeto idealizado e implementado foi possível a partir de uma articulação teórica e prática, na qual as três instâncias temporais (passado, presente e futuro) recebiam concomitantemente as fundamentações da nova arquitetura. A articulação entre os planos feita por Lucio Costa foi possível ao adotar a obra/elemento arquitetônico português enquanto portador da tradição e, paralelamente, enquanto elemento capaz de legitimar-se ao ser transplantado e adaptado ao solo brasileiro; e também de justificar-se ao ser capaz de atualizar sua expressão pretérita em condição moderna. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho segue o mesmo percurso metodológico do arquiteto ao adotar a obra/elemento arquitetônico enquanto objeto de análise para compreender como se deu a implementação do projeto de Lucio Costa no contexto brasileiro, a partir do estudo no campo do referencial teórico, no contexto português. O principal objetivo consiste em demonstrar as correspondências do vocabulário arquitetônico, de um lado: no contexto português, a partir dos desenhos feitos por Lucio Costa sobre a arquitetura portuguesa – em bloquinhos – durante a viagem de 1952 e 1953 a Portugal. Do outro, no contexto brasileiro, a partir dos pareceres emitidos pelo arquiteto durante a sua atuação enquanto Diretor de Estudos e Tombamentos do Iphan; e, por último, a partir do seu discurso teórico para costurar e melhor compreender a relação arquitetônica entre ambas arquiteturas. A relação entre a arquitetura portuguesa, desenhada por Lucio Costa, possui relação direta com a construção da linha evolutiva da arquitetura brasileira defendida também por ele. Sendo assim, foi possível relacionar os dois planos (contexto português e contexto brasileiro) e identificar as correspondências entre as duas arquiteturas, tendo como eixo de ligação o elemento arquitetônico.
This thesis addresses the construction of Lucio Costa built an idea of a new Brazilian architecture based on the Portuguese architectural heritage. The hypothesis is that Lucio Costa leads a comprehensive project in which Portuguese architecture, especially Portuguese popular architecture, was used as a compositional repertoire for the implementation of a new Brazilian architecture, i.e., an architecture with an aspect/expression more in keeping with the essence of the Brazilian people. This work is conducted in two fields: the theoretical one, belonging to the Portuguese context, in which Lucio Costa collects information about Portuguese architecture; and implementation one, belonging to the Brazilian context, in which Lucio Costa implements his project of a new architecture in two spheres: 1) one referring to the past, selecting – as director of DET (Direção de Estudos e Tombamentos do Iphan) – a vocabulary that would constitute the valuable architectural heritage (VPAB); and 2), advocating through the written word – theoretical discourse – the foundations and theorizations of a Brazilian architectural legitimation (LIAB) and a modern Brazilian architectural justification (JAMB). Lucio Costa’s work was possible from a theoretical and practical articulation, in which the three temporal instances (past, present and future) received concomitantly the foundations of the new architecture. The articulation between Portuguese and Brazilian architecture was possible by adopting the first as the carrier of tradition and, at the same time, as an element capable of legitimizing itself by being transplanted and adapted to the Brazilian soil; and also to justify itself by being able to update its past expression in condition modern. This work follows the same methodological path as the architect when adopting the work/architectural element as an object of analysis, to understand how Lucio Costa's project was implemented in the Brazilian context, based on the study in the field of the theoretical framework, in the Portuguese context. The main objective is to demonstrate the correspondences of the architectural vocabulary. On the one hand, in the Portuguese context, from Lucio Costa’s drawings about Portuguese architecture – in small notebooks – during the 1952 and 1953 trip to Portugal. On the other hand, in the Brazilian context, based on the opinions issued by the architect during his performance as Director of Studies and Landings at Iphan; and, finally, from his theoretical discourse to tailor and better understand the architectural relationship between both architectures. The relationship between Portuguese architecture, designed by Lucio Costa, has a direct relationship with the construction of the evolutionary line of Brazilian architecture also defended by him. Thus, it was possible to relate the two plans (Portuguese context and Brazilian context) and identify the correspondences between the two architectures, having the architectural element as the connecting axis.
This thesis addresses the construction of Lucio Costa built an idea of a new Brazilian architecture based on the Portuguese architectural heritage. The hypothesis is that Lucio Costa leads a comprehensive project in which Portuguese architecture, especially Portuguese popular architecture, was used as a compositional repertoire for the implementation of a new Brazilian architecture, i.e., an architecture with an aspect/expression more in keeping with the essence of the Brazilian people. This work is conducted in two fields: the theoretical one, belonging to the Portuguese context, in which Lucio Costa collects information about Portuguese architecture; and implementation one, belonging to the Brazilian context, in which Lucio Costa implements his project of a new architecture in two spheres: 1) one referring to the past, selecting – as director of DET (Direção de Estudos e Tombamentos do Iphan) – a vocabulary that would constitute the valuable architectural heritage (VPAB); and 2), advocating through the written word – theoretical discourse – the foundations and theorizations of a Brazilian architectural legitimation (LIAB) and a modern Brazilian architectural justification (JAMB). Lucio Costa’s work was possible from a theoretical and practical articulation, in which the three temporal instances (past, present and future) received concomitantly the foundations of the new architecture. The articulation between Portuguese and Brazilian architecture was possible by adopting the first as the carrier of tradition and, at the same time, as an element capable of legitimizing itself by being transplanted and adapted to the Brazilian soil; and also to justify itself by being able to update its past expression in condition modern. This work follows the same methodological path as the architect when adopting the work/architectural element as an object of analysis, to understand how Lucio Costa's project was implemented in the Brazilian context, based on the study in the field of the theoretical framework, in the Portuguese context. The main objective is to demonstrate the correspondences of the architectural vocabulary. On the one hand, in the Portuguese context, from Lucio Costa’s drawings about Portuguese architecture – in small notebooks – during the 1952 and 1953 trip to Portugal. On the other hand, in the Brazilian context, based on the opinions issued by the architect during his performance as Director of Studies and Landings at Iphan; and, finally, from his theoretical discourse to tailor and better understand the architectural relationship between both architectures. The relationship between Portuguese architecture, designed by Lucio Costa, has a direct relationship with the construction of the evolutionary line of Brazilian architecture also defended by him. Thus, it was possible to relate the two plans (Portuguese context and Brazilian context) and identify the correspondences between the two architectures, having the architectural element as the connecting axis.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Arquitetura (Teoria e História), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2023
Palavras-chave
Lucio Costa Arquitetura Portuguesa Arquitetura Brasileira Valorização Legitimação Justificação Portuguese Architecture Brazilian Architecture Valorization Legitimation Justification
Contexto Educativo
Citação
CARDOSO, Catiele Gonçalves Lima de Figueiredo. - Lucio Costa, entre Portugal e Brasil : o estudo da arquitetura portuguesa como projeto de uma nova arquitetura brasileira. - Lisboa : FA, 2023. Tese de doutoramento
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura