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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
No contexto da adolescĂȘncia encontram-se vĂĄrios nĂșcleos que pela sua complexidade se
tornam objecto de reflexĂŁo e investigação. Esta emergĂȘncia surge como um desafio,
principalmente se se focar a atenção em todos os potenciais riscos que envolvem a
sexualidade adolescente. Apesar desta ser uma fase vivencial muito fecunda, o facto Ă©
que a investigação nĂŁo se pode afastar das consequĂȘncias pessoais e sociais que
envolvem os comportamentos sexuais de risco dos adolescentes. NĂŁo obstante todas as
iniciativas sociais para a formação de comportamentos preventivos, continuamos a
assistir a formas de comportamento que potenciam o risco da infecção pelo HIV ou a
ocorrĂȘncia de uma gravidez precoce e indesejada.
Neste contexto, tĂȘm surgido mĂșltiplas e importantes investigaçÔes que cada vez mais
permitem conhecer os vectores da sexualidade adolescente, assim como criar programas
educacionais e formativos para consolidar competĂȘncias preventivas nos adolescentes.
Apesar de todas as incursÔes sociais, educacionais e académicas é forçoso admitir que o
tema da sexualidade adolescente ainda nĂŁo estĂĄ totalmente explorado. AliĂĄs, considerĂĄlo
como um problema jĂĄ decifrado seria descontextualizar e minimizar toda a
complexidade da adolescĂȘncia e da sua sexualidade.
Este trabalho tem, entĂŁo, como objectivo tentar contribuir para mais um contexto da
adolescĂȘncia, ou seja, propor mais um ponto de anĂĄlise de forma a se poder encontrar
mais um vector que permita conhecer os comportamentos de risco na adolescĂȘncia.
Assim, pretende-se encontrar eventuais relaçÔes que possam existir entre os
comportamentos sexuais de risco na adolescĂȘncia com sintomas depressivos.
A população deste trabalho Ă© constituĂda por jovens com idades compreendidas entre os
14 e os 19 anos. A amostra foi recolhida em escolas secundĂĄrias, pĂșblicas e privadas, na
zona da grande Lisboa
Os sintomas depressivos identificados foram baseados num estudo existente, intitulado
CDI (Childrenâs Depression Inventory), de modo a ter uma fonte fidedigna de
diagnĂłstico de sintomas depressivos em adolescentes.
Os comportamentos sexuais de risco identificados foram escolhidos com base nas
perguntas do questionĂĄrio, onde foram seleccionadas as variĂĄveis que indicavam, Ă
partida, um comportamento sexual de risco (tais como a não utilização de preservativo
ou de qualquer outro método contraceptivo, por exemplo). Do total de adolescentes que jå tiveram relaçÔes sexuais, apenas 11% apresentam
sintomas de depressĂŁo. No interior deste grupo, pode-se entĂŁo aferir que existe uma
maior tendĂȘncia para ter sintomas depressivos quando os alunos nĂŁo tĂȘm parceiros
sexuais fixos mas tambĂ©m quando tĂȘm parceiros apenas ocasionais
Relativamente aos resultados verificou-se que quando se correlacionaram os sintomas
depressivos com os comportamentos sexuais de risco não existiram diferenças
significativas entre os adolescentes portugueses que tĂȘm ou nĂŁo depressĂŁo no que
respeita aos comportamentos sexuais de risco.
Porém, na anålise dos adolescentes com sintomas depressivos detectaram-se diferenças
significativas. Verificou-se que existem diferenças significativas ao nĂvel do ter ou nĂŁo
sintomas depressivos no que respeita à opinião sobre a utilização de contracepção face a
uma relação sexual inesperada, precauçÔes face ao HIV/SIDA e capacidade de evitar
uma gravidez nĂŁo desejada
Por este estudo foi possĂvel concluir que quando aplicada uma correlação nĂŁo Ă© possĂvel
detectar uma ligação entre sintomas depressivos e comportamentos sexuais de risco.
PorĂ©m, foram detectadas algumas diferenças significativas nos grupos âcom sintomas
depressivosâ e âsem sintomas depressivosâ, face a alguns comportamentos sexuais de
risco. Estas diferenças alertam para o facto de que esta investigação deverå continuar
nos termos de uma anĂĄlise comparativa.
In the context of adolescence it is possible to find several complex dimensions. This complexity makes adolescence an important object of investigation and research. This importance appears as a challenge, mostly if we consider the potential risks that involve adolescent sexuality. In spite of being a very important stage, the fact is that the investigation cannot ignore the social and personal consequences that derive from sexual risk behaviour in adolescence. In spite of several social and governmental initiatives to educate for preventive behaviour, we do continue to see behaviours that are a potential risk of HIV infection and adolescent pregnancy. On this issue, there are many investigations that allow us to have an extended knowledge of adolescent sexuality, as well as contents to elaborate educational programs to establish preventive sexual behaviours. In spite of all social, educational and academical studies, itâs important to admit that the theme of sexuality isnât totally explored. Besides, assuming that adolescent sexuality is a deciphered problem is to minimize all the complexity that this theme carries. This work intends to contribute to one more context of adolescent sexuality, suggesting another approach that allows us to understand the sexual risk behaviour. In this way, this work intends to find eventual relations that may occur between sexual risk behaviour and depressive symptoms. The population includes Portuguese adolescents aged 14 to 19 years old. The sample includes adolescents from public and private secondary schools, in Lisbon. The identified depressive symptoms have been based on an existing study, entitled CDI (Childrenâs Depression Inventory), in order to have a trustworthy source of diagnosis of depressive symptoms in adolescents. The identification of sexual risk behaviour was made on the basis of the questionnaire. The variables have been chosen and selected according to what is perceived as a sexual risk behaviour (such as the absence of use of condom or any another contraceptive method). From the entire sample only 11% of the sexually active adolescents showed depressive symptoms; in this group there is a bigger tendency to have depressed symptoms when the adolescents donât have a regular partner or when they have many occasional partners. On the other hand, when we tried to correlate the depressive symptoms with sexual risk behaviours the results showed us that there arenât significant differences. But, on the analysis of the group of adolescents with depressive symptoms, there are significant differences. The results show that having depressive symptoms is connected with the willingness to use contraception when sexually aroused; being involved in occasional sex, the use of precautions towards HIV and being able to avoid a pregnancy. This work allowed us to conclude that when a correlation between depressive symptoms and sexual risk behaviour is made, there arenât significant results. But there are significant differences between those who have depressive symptoms and those who havenât depressive symptoms. These differences alert us to the fact that this work isnât complete. We must study these two groups in terms of a comparative analysis.
In the context of adolescence it is possible to find several complex dimensions. This complexity makes adolescence an important object of investigation and research. This importance appears as a challenge, mostly if we consider the potential risks that involve adolescent sexuality. In spite of being a very important stage, the fact is that the investigation cannot ignore the social and personal consequences that derive from sexual risk behaviour in adolescence. In spite of several social and governmental initiatives to educate for preventive behaviour, we do continue to see behaviours that are a potential risk of HIV infection and adolescent pregnancy. On this issue, there are many investigations that allow us to have an extended knowledge of adolescent sexuality, as well as contents to elaborate educational programs to establish preventive sexual behaviours. In spite of all social, educational and academical studies, itâs important to admit that the theme of sexuality isnât totally explored. Besides, assuming that adolescent sexuality is a deciphered problem is to minimize all the complexity that this theme carries. This work intends to contribute to one more context of adolescent sexuality, suggesting another approach that allows us to understand the sexual risk behaviour. In this way, this work intends to find eventual relations that may occur between sexual risk behaviour and depressive symptoms. The population includes Portuguese adolescents aged 14 to 19 years old. The sample includes adolescents from public and private secondary schools, in Lisbon. The identified depressive symptoms have been based on an existing study, entitled CDI (Childrenâs Depression Inventory), in order to have a trustworthy source of diagnosis of depressive symptoms in adolescents. The identification of sexual risk behaviour was made on the basis of the questionnaire. The variables have been chosen and selected according to what is perceived as a sexual risk behaviour (such as the absence of use of condom or any another contraceptive method). From the entire sample only 11% of the sexually active adolescents showed depressive symptoms; in this group there is a bigger tendency to have depressed symptoms when the adolescents donât have a regular partner or when they have many occasional partners. On the other hand, when we tried to correlate the depressive symptoms with sexual risk behaviours the results showed us that there arenât significant differences. But, on the analysis of the group of adolescents with depressive symptoms, there are significant differences. The results show that having depressive symptoms is connected with the willingness to use contraception when sexually aroused; being involved in occasional sex, the use of precautions towards HIV and being able to avoid a pregnancy. This work allowed us to conclude that when a correlation between depressive symptoms and sexual risk behaviour is made, there arenât significant results. But there are significant differences between those who have depressive symptoms and those who havenât depressive symptoms. These differences alert us to the fact that this work isnât complete. We must study these two groups in terms of a comparative analysis.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Sexualidade Humana, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2010
Palavras-chave
AdolescĂȘncia Comportamentos sexuais de risco MĂ©todos contraceptivos Anticoncepcionais Sintomas depressivos Teses de mestrado - 2010
