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Contracepção oral feminina: evolução farmacológica
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Resumo(s)
O uso de contraceptivos é uma importante área da saúde pública. Os contraceptivos orais e o uso de preservativos adquiriram especial relevo em todo o mundo. A evolução farmacológica dos contraceptivos orais orientou-se para uma maior eficácia, uma maior segurança e uma maior tolerabilidade. Os efeitos adversos, a aceitabilidade e a informação aos utentes foram alguns dos principais focos nesta evolução.
Desde o aparecimento das primeiras pílulas nos anos 60 até ao presente, pôde-se verificar uma grande mudança na redução das doses, nas substâncias utilizadas com o aparecimento de novas progestinas, da “mini-pill” e da contracepção oral de emergência e nos regimes autorizados de pilulas bifásicas e trifásicas e também nos regimes contínuos e extensos. A tentativa de formulação com progestinas e estrogénio natural, que mais tarde foi investigada, tentava aproximar ainda mais a contracepção ao ciclo fisiológico normal.
O aconselhamento farmacêutico tornou-se importante integrando a correcta utilização dos contraceptivos cíclicos e da contracepção de emergência e no que diz respeito à “compliance” e respectivas interações farmacológicas.
A evolução farmacológica continua nos dias de hoje com o estudo de novos alvos terapêuticos a nível molecular e hormonal, sendo de destacar a investigação sobre a contracepção hormonal masculina.
The use of contraceptives is very important in health care. Oral contraceptives and condoms acquired special importance worldwide. The pharmacological evolution of oral contraceptives was guided towards a greater efficiency, greater safety and greater tolerability. Adverse effects, acceptability and the correct information for users were some of the main focuses in this evolution. Since the appearance of the first pills in the 60s to the present, it was possible to notice a big change in dose reduction, in substances used like the emergence of new progestins, the “mini-pill" and oral emergency contraception and schemes authorized with biphasic and triphasic pills and also continuous and extensive regimes. The attempt to formulate with natural estrogen and progestins, which was later investigated, tried to approach even more contraception to a normal physiological cycle. The pharmaceutical advice became important integrating the proper use of cyclical contraceptives and emergency contraception, and also with regard to the compliance and pharmacological interactions of contraceptives. The pharmacological evolution still continues today with the study of new therapeutic targets at the molecular and hormonal level, with emphasis on research about male hormonal contraception.
The use of contraceptives is very important in health care. Oral contraceptives and condoms acquired special importance worldwide. The pharmacological evolution of oral contraceptives was guided towards a greater efficiency, greater safety and greater tolerability. Adverse effects, acceptability and the correct information for users were some of the main focuses in this evolution. Since the appearance of the first pills in the 60s to the present, it was possible to notice a big change in dose reduction, in substances used like the emergence of new progestins, the “mini-pill" and oral emergency contraception and schemes authorized with biphasic and triphasic pills and also continuous and extensive regimes. The attempt to formulate with natural estrogen and progestins, which was later investigated, tried to approach even more contraception to a normal physiological cycle. The pharmaceutical advice became important integrating the proper use of cyclical contraceptives and emergency contraception, and also with regard to the compliance and pharmacological interactions of contraceptives. The pharmacological evolution still continues today with the study of new therapeutic targets at the molecular and hormonal level, with emphasis on research about male hormonal contraception.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2013
Palavras-chave
Contracepção oral Estrogénio Progestina Contraceptivos orais combinados Mini-pilula Contracepção oral de emergência Pilulas bifásicas Pílulas trifásicas Regime extenso Regime contínuo Contracepção masculina Mestrado Integrado - 2013