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Política industrial como fator determinante da competitividade da economia chinesa
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Resumo(s)
A Política Industrial é um tema intensamente debatido nos dias de hoje, que tem dividido opiniões. Apesar da sua larga escala de definições, todas elas têm em comum um ponto, que é a intervenção do Estado, em termos setoriais ou transversais à economia, de modo a encorajar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da economia.
A verdade é que a Política Industrial é bastante complexa, com chances de falhar. Afinal são impostas à PI umas quantas restrições, principalmente pelas organizações internacionais, e nem sempre são feitas as melhores escolhas. Mas existem diversos casos de sucesso, em particular na Ásia, de que a Coreia do Sul, Japão e China são grandes exemplos.
A China é um exemplo de Política Industrial marcada por uma forte intervenção estatal em todos os domínios da economia, o que faz com que, se bem que permita um setor privado, tenha sido conotada como uma economia de "não-mercado". Envolve políticas industriais horizontais e seletivas, designadamente nas que se destinam a apoiar os "campeões nacionais". Em suma, a PI chinesa é um exemplo de política baseada em state-lead, na qual o governo e o PCC tomam a maior parte das decisões, em conjunto com outros institutos por estes controlados.
O sucesso da economia chinesa fomentou um importante debate internacional sobre a forma de garantir um sistema comercial internacional justo e respeitador da concorrência, em particular através da reforma de algumas das regras da OMC, em parte baseada numa maior garantia de transparência na implementação das políticas industriais.
Industrial policy (IP) is a hotly debated topic today, which has divided divisions. Despite their wide range of definitions, they all have one thing in common, which is State intervention, in sectoral or transversal terms to the economy, in order to encourage the growth and development of the economy. The truth is that Industrial Policy is quite complex, with chances of failing. After all, restrictive rules are imposed on IP, mainly by international organizations, and the best choices are not always made. But there are several cases of success, particularly in Asia, of which South Korea, Japan and China are great examples. China is an example of Industrial Policy marked by strong state intervention in all areas of the economy, which means that, although it allows a private sector, it was connoted as a "non-market" economy. It involves horizontal and selective industrial policies, namely those designed to support the "national Champions". In short, Chinese IP is an example of a policy based on state leadership, in which the government and the CCP make most of the decisions, together with other institutes controlled by them. The success of the Chinese economy has sparked an important international debate on how to ensure a fair and competition-friendly international trade system, in particular through the reform of some WTO rules, partly based on a greater guarantee of transparency in the implementation of industrial policies.
Industrial policy (IP) is a hotly debated topic today, which has divided divisions. Despite their wide range of definitions, they all have one thing in common, which is State intervention, in sectoral or transversal terms to the economy, in order to encourage the growth and development of the economy. The truth is that Industrial Policy is quite complex, with chances of failing. After all, restrictive rules are imposed on IP, mainly by international organizations, and the best choices are not always made. But there are several cases of success, particularly in Asia, of which South Korea, Japan and China are great examples. China is an example of Industrial Policy marked by strong state intervention in all areas of the economy, which means that, although it allows a private sector, it was connoted as a "non-market" economy. It involves horizontal and selective industrial policies, namely those designed to support the "national Champions". In short, Chinese IP is an example of a policy based on state leadership, in which the government and the CCP make most of the decisions, together with other institutes controlled by them. The success of the Chinese economy has sparked an important international debate on how to ensure a fair and competition-friendly international trade system, in particular through the reform of some WTO rules, partly based on a greater guarantee of transparency in the implementation of industrial policies.
Descrição
Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus
Palavras-chave
Política Industrial China Crescimento económico Reformas Industrial Policies Economic Growth Reforms
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Duarte, Carolina Rodrigues (2020). "Política industrial como fator determinante da competitividade da economia chinesa". Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão