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Caraterização do parasitismo pulmonar em Erinaceus europaeus no sul de Portugal
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O mamífero Erinaceus europaeus é uma espécie endémica da Europa e ingressa frequentemente em centros de recuperação. Uma das causas de admissão comuns, descritas na literatura, é a pneumonia, nomeadamente parasitária e por Crenosoma striatum. O presente estudo teve como objetivos: caraterização da população de ouriços ingressada no RIAS, pesquisa qualitativa de parasitas pulmonares e comparação de quatro métodos coprológicos, quantificação de LPG de fezes de C. striatum após desparasitação e análise da influência de fatores climáticos no parasitismo por C. striatum. A população deste estudo corresponde a ouriços provenientes do Centro de Recuperação e Investigação de Animais Selvagens da Ria Formosa (RIAS) que recebe animais do Algarve e Baixo Alentejo. O período de colheita de amostras e pesquisa de parasitas realizou-se de 6 de setembro de 2021 a 25 de fevereiro de 2022, e envolveu 38 ouriços. A maioria dos ouriços admitidos entre 2017 e 2022 foram juvenis, e a primavera foi a estação do ano com maior número de ingressos, sendo a taxa de sucesso reabilitação de 61%. As principais causas de admissão foram os animais órfãos, captura acidental e predação, enquanto as principais causas de mortalidade foram os animais órfãos, morte por causa desconhecida, predação e trauma. Nas análises coprológicas efetuadas a prevalência de C. striatum foi de 60% e de Capillaria spp., incluindo os ovos de E. aerophillus, foi de 6,7%. A técnica de Baermann foi a mais sensível para deteção de C. striatum. Relativamente à quantificação em LPG de fezes de C. striatum após desparasitação com ivermectina, apenas 40% dos indivíduos diminuíram o número de LPG de fezes entre a primeira e última das desparasitações. As condições climáticas, não obtiveram relação estatisticamente significativa com o parasitismo por C. striatum. No exame histopatológico pulmonar as alterações consistiram em hiperplasia de músculo liso, espessamento dos septos interalveolar e edema pulmonar. A prevalência elevada de C. striatum a falta de eficácia da desparasitação com ivermectina e o facto dos ouriços se infetarem nas instalações do RIAS representam um desafio significativo para a abordagem desta infeção parasitária. A profilaxia é complexa, mas as desparasitações sistemáticas devem ser consideradas, ponderando os riscos e benefícios, nomeadamente, o facto de o tratamento não dirigido potenciar resistências aos anti-helmínticos
ABSTRACT - Characterization of Erinaceus europaeus lung parasitism in southern Portugal - The mammal Erinaceus europaeus is an endemic species in Europe. It is quite common for them to be admitted to recovery centers, with one of the frequent causes of admission described in the literature being pneumonia, particularly parasitic pneumonia caused by Crenosoma striatum. The present study aimed to: characterize the hedgehog population admitted to RIAS, conduct a qualitative search for lung parasites, compare four coprological methods, quantify C. striatum fecal LPG (larvae per gram) after deworming, and analyze the influence of climatic factors on C. striatum parasitism. The study population consisted of hedgehogs from the Ria Formosa Wildlife Recovery and Research Center (RIAS), which receives animals from the Algarve and Baixo Alentejo regions. Sample collection and parasite search took place from September 6, 2021, to February 25, 2022, involving 38 hedgehogs. The majority of hedgehogs admitted between 2017 and 2022 were juveniles, and spring was the season with the highest number of admissions, the rehabilitation success rate was 61%. The main causes of admission were orphaned hedgehogs, accidental capture, and predation, while the main causes of mortality were orphaned hedgehogs, death due to unknown causes, predation and trauma. In the coprological samples, the prevalence of C. striatum was 60%, and the prevalence of Capillaria spp., including eggs of E. aerophillus, was 6.7%. The Baermann technique was the most sensitive for detecting C. striatum. Regarding the quantification of C. striatum fecal LPG after deworming with ivermectin, only 40% of individuals decreased the number of fecal LPG between the first and last deworming sessions. Climatic conditions did not show a statistically significant relationship with C. striatum parasitism. In the lung histopathological examination, the changes included smooth muscle hyperplasia, interalveolar septal thickening and pulmonary edema. The high prevalence of C. striatum, the lack of efficacy of ivermectin deworming, and the fact that hedgehogs become infected within the RIAS facilities represent a significant challenge in addressing this parasitic infection. Prophylaxis is complex, but systematic deworming should be considered, while weighing the risks and benefits, particularly the fact that indiscriminate treatment can promote anthelmintic resistance
ABSTRACT - Characterization of Erinaceus europaeus lung parasitism in southern Portugal - The mammal Erinaceus europaeus is an endemic species in Europe. It is quite common for them to be admitted to recovery centers, with one of the frequent causes of admission described in the literature being pneumonia, particularly parasitic pneumonia caused by Crenosoma striatum. The present study aimed to: characterize the hedgehog population admitted to RIAS, conduct a qualitative search for lung parasites, compare four coprological methods, quantify C. striatum fecal LPG (larvae per gram) after deworming, and analyze the influence of climatic factors on C. striatum parasitism. The study population consisted of hedgehogs from the Ria Formosa Wildlife Recovery and Research Center (RIAS), which receives animals from the Algarve and Baixo Alentejo regions. Sample collection and parasite search took place from September 6, 2021, to February 25, 2022, involving 38 hedgehogs. The majority of hedgehogs admitted between 2017 and 2022 were juveniles, and spring was the season with the highest number of admissions, the rehabilitation success rate was 61%. The main causes of admission were orphaned hedgehogs, accidental capture, and predation, while the main causes of mortality were orphaned hedgehogs, death due to unknown causes, predation and trauma. In the coprological samples, the prevalence of C. striatum was 60%, and the prevalence of Capillaria spp., including eggs of E. aerophillus, was 6.7%. The Baermann technique was the most sensitive for detecting C. striatum. Regarding the quantification of C. striatum fecal LPG after deworming with ivermectin, only 40% of individuals decreased the number of fecal LPG between the first and last deworming sessions. Climatic conditions did not show a statistically significant relationship with C. striatum parasitism. In the lung histopathological examination, the changes included smooth muscle hyperplasia, interalveolar septal thickening and pulmonary edema. The high prevalence of C. striatum, the lack of efficacy of ivermectin deworming, and the fact that hedgehogs become infected within the RIAS facilities represent a significant challenge in addressing this parasitic infection. Prophylaxis is complex, but systematic deworming should be considered, while weighing the risks and benefits, particularly the fact that indiscriminate treatment can promote anthelmintic resistance
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Sanidade Animal
Palavras-chave
Erinaceus europaeus Centro de recuperação Crenosoma striatum Nematodes pulmonares Portugal
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Gama IG. 2023. Caraterização do parasitismo pulmonar em Erinaceus europaeus no sul de Portugal [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária