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Fatores do estilo de vida e ocorrência de lesões em atletas de judo : um estudo retrospetivo e breve revisão da literatura
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Introdução: Os judocas representam uma população ainda pouco estudada no âmbito da Medicina Desportiva, apesar da alta incidência de lesões. Vários fatores de risco têm sido sugeridos como determinantes no aparente risco acrescido de lesões entre estes atletas.
Objetivos: Caracterizar e identificar potenciais associações entre alguns fatores do estilo de vida e a ocorrência de lesões numa amostra de judocas portugueses.
Métodos: Estudou-se retrospetivamente uma amostra de atletas de judo portugueses, no período entre Janeiro e Março de 2015. Foram caracterizados hábitos de perda de peso pré-competitivos, a qualidade de sono através da escala PSQI (Pitsburgh Sleep Quality Index), o nível de stress com a escala PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) e os episódios de lesão.
Resultados: Dos 108 atletas estudados, 55 (50,9%) registaram pelo menos uma lesão, com maior frequência de roturas e luxações. O grupo de atletas com lesões registou um ritmo mais acelerado de perda de peso (0,6 vs 0,53 Kg/dia; p=0,376), assim como uma maior proporção de peso perdido (média 4,29 vs 3,84 Kg; p=0,250). 63,2% dos atletas que perderam mais de 5% do seu peso corporal registaram lesões (face a 49% no grupo oposto). Os atletas com lesões registaram uma mediana de horas de sono inferior (7 vs 8; p=0,037).
Conclusões: Um número menor de horas de sono habitual foi significativamente associado à ocorrência de lesões (P=0,037). A perda ponderal acima de 5% e um ritmo mais acelerado da mesma, também parecem comportar maior risco. Estudos com amostras maiores são necessários para caracterizar com exatidão o efeito sugerido pela literatura destes fatores no risco de lesão.
Background: Judokas represent an understudied population in the field of Sports Medicine, despite the additional mental and physical challenge they are subjected to. Several lifestyle-associated factors have been suggested as determinant in the apparently increased injury risk among these athletes. Objectives: To characterize and identify potential associations between several lifestyle factors and the risk of injury in a sample of Portuguese judokas. Method: We retrospectively studied a sample of 108 Portuguese judo athletes, during the period of January to March 2015. Pre-competitive weight loss habits as well as injury events were evaluated. The standardized PSQI (Pitsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) questionnaires were also applied. Results: Of the 108 athletes studied, 55 (50,9%) sustained at least one injury, the most common of which were ruptures and luxations. The group of injured athletes had a faster weight loss rhythm (0,6 vs 0,53 Kg/dia; p=0,376), as well as a higher proportion of weight reduction (Av. 4,29 vs 3,84 Kg; p=0,250). 63,2% of the athletes who lost more than 5% of their total bodyweight sustained an injury (vs 49% in the opposite group). Injured athletes also registered a smaller number of hours of sleep (7 vs 8; p=0,037). Conclusions: A smaller number of hours of sleep was significantly associated with the risk of injury. Weight loss higher than 5% total bodyweight and a faster weight loss rhythm also seem to bear some risk. Studies with larger samples are needed in order to exactly characterize the effect of lifestyle factors on the risk of injury suggested by the literature.
Background: Judokas represent an understudied population in the field of Sports Medicine, despite the additional mental and physical challenge they are subjected to. Several lifestyle-associated factors have been suggested as determinant in the apparently increased injury risk among these athletes. Objectives: To characterize and identify potential associations between several lifestyle factors and the risk of injury in a sample of Portuguese judokas. Method: We retrospectively studied a sample of 108 Portuguese judo athletes, during the period of January to March 2015. Pre-competitive weight loss habits as well as injury events were evaluated. The standardized PSQI (Pitsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) questionnaires were also applied. Results: Of the 108 athletes studied, 55 (50,9%) sustained at least one injury, the most common of which were ruptures and luxations. The group of injured athletes had a faster weight loss rhythm (0,6 vs 0,53 Kg/dia; p=0,376), as well as a higher proportion of weight reduction (Av. 4,29 vs 3,84 Kg; p=0,250). 63,2% of the athletes who lost more than 5% of their total bodyweight sustained an injury (vs 49% in the opposite group). Injured athletes also registered a smaller number of hours of sleep (7 vs 8; p=0,037). Conclusions: A smaller number of hours of sleep was significantly associated with the risk of injury. Weight loss higher than 5% total bodyweight and a faster weight loss rhythm also seem to bear some risk. Studies with larger samples are needed in order to exactly characterize the effect of lifestyle factors on the risk of injury suggested by the literature.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015
Palavras-chave
Atletas Traumatismos em atletas Artes marciais Factores de risco