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À procura de um espaço : reler Rorty a partir de Nabokov
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Esta dissertação visa rever a teoria de Richard Rorty em Contingência, ironia e solidariedade em constante diálogo com algumas obras de Vladimir Nabokov. No primeiro capítulo, revejo o conceito de ironista liberal e argumento que é necessário substituir a cisão entre privado e público proposta por Rorty por uma cisão entre o espaço do indivíduo e o espaço dos outros indivíduos. No segundo capítulo, defendo que Nabokov é um ironista liberal, sendo os seus textos seminais sobre leitura e alguns dos seus ensaios de juventude prova disto. Saliento, também, que a forma como Nabokov se descreve em Fala, Memória propõe uma substituição da cisão entre privado e público por uma cisão entre tipos de espaços que cada pessoa ocupa. No terceiro capítulo, proponho uma descrição de Charles Kinbote, de Fogo Pálido, como o anti-ironista anti-liberal por excelência, verificando-se que apaga o mundo na forma como o descreve. Para isto, comparo-o a Humpty Dumpty, de Alice do Outro Lado do Espelho, e a O’Brien, de 1984. Ver-se-á que, com estas comparações, Kinbote (e as personagens com que o comparo) apaga o mundo, de forma a tornar-se no ponto de referência de qualquer descrição, passando, assim, o mundo a ser o que ele considera que é. Esta análise levará a duas revisões que parecem cruciais na teoria de Rorty: a primeira, desenvolvida ao longo da dissertação, resume-se à importância de se substituir a cisão entre privado e público por um tipo de atenção que salvaguarde os espaços que cada pessoa ocupa; a segunda, que vai de encontro à premissa primeira de Contingência, ironia e solidariedade, é recuperar o mundo enquanto referente último de todas as descrições feitas.
This thesis aims to revise Richard Rorty’s theory in Contingency, irony and solidarity, maintaining a constant dialogue with Vladimir Nabokov’s work. In the first chapter, I’ll look at the liberal ironist concept, and, after that, I’ll argue that it is necessary to change the split between private and public, as it is proposed by Rorty, with a split between the individual’s space and the space of other individuals. In the second chapter, in accordance with Rorty, I’ll argue that Nabokov is a liberal ironist. For that, I’ll read some of his seminal texts about reading and some of his early essays. I’ll also argue that in Speak, Memory, Nabokov describes himself in a comparative way. This, too, will favor the substitution of the private and public notion for the notion of an individual’s space in contact with the spaces of others. In the third and last chapter, I’ll describe Charles Kinbote, from Pale Fire (one of Nabokov’s most well-known novels), as an anti-ironist and anti-liberal, showing that he erases the world while he describes it. I’ll compare him with Humpty Dumpty, from Alice Through the Looking Glass, and O’ Brien, from 1984, to emphasize how Kinbote erases the world and makes himself the main referent of every description. With this, I propose two main revisions of Rorty’s theory: the first, that will be developed throughout the thesis, is replacing the notion of a public-private space with a conception of spaces occupied by various types of individuals. The second, that goes against the first principle of Rorty’s theory, is the recovery of the world as the last referent of every description made.
This thesis aims to revise Richard Rorty’s theory in Contingency, irony and solidarity, maintaining a constant dialogue with Vladimir Nabokov’s work. In the first chapter, I’ll look at the liberal ironist concept, and, after that, I’ll argue that it is necessary to change the split between private and public, as it is proposed by Rorty, with a split between the individual’s space and the space of other individuals. In the second chapter, in accordance with Rorty, I’ll argue that Nabokov is a liberal ironist. For that, I’ll read some of his seminal texts about reading and some of his early essays. I’ll also argue that in Speak, Memory, Nabokov describes himself in a comparative way. This, too, will favor the substitution of the private and public notion for the notion of an individual’s space in contact with the spaces of others. In the third and last chapter, I’ll describe Charles Kinbote, from Pale Fire (one of Nabokov’s most well-known novels), as an anti-ironist and anti-liberal, showing that he erases the world while he describes it. I’ll compare him with Humpty Dumpty, from Alice Through the Looking Glass, and O’ Brien, from 1984, to emphasize how Kinbote erases the world and makes himself the main referent of every description. With this, I propose two main revisions of Rorty’s theory: the first, that will be developed throughout the thesis, is replacing the notion of a public-private space with a conception of spaces occupied by various types of individuals. The second, that goes against the first principle of Rorty’s theory, is the recovery of the world as the last referent of every description made.