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Tratamento de dados no 7º ano de escolaridade : medidas estatísticas
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Resumo(s)
Este relatório incide sobre uma Unidade do Ensino relativa ao Tratamento de
dados, no 7° ano do ensino básico, no âmbito da qual foi realizado um estudo com o
objetivo de compreender as aprendizagens e dificuldades manifestadas pelos alunos no
que concerne a conceitos e procedimentos relacionados com as medidas estatísticas, e
representação e interpretação de dados.
Os participantes deste estudo são alunos de uma turma do 7° ano de
escolaridade de uma escola pública da periferia de Lisboa. A planificação da Unidade
de Ensino integra uma sequência de tarefas que elaborei no sentido de levar os alunos a
percorrer as etapas de um estudo estatístico. Em todas as aulas os alunos trabalharam a
pares ou em grupo, havendo lugar à análise e discussão em grande grupo.
Para recolher os dados, utilizei dois métodos: (i) observação participante, com a
gravação áudio e/ou vídeo e (ii) recolha documental dos trabalhos produzidos pelos
alunos, nomeadamente as resoluções das tarefas e do teste final.
Através da análise dos dados, conclui que os alunos realizaram parte das
aprendizagens pretendidas e aprofundaram outras iniciadas em anos anteriores,
nomeadamente, relativas à média e à moda. No decurso das aulas, ao resolverem as
tarefas e o teste final, revelaram ter compreendido os procedimentos a utilizar para
calcular a mediana e os outros quartis, mas nem todos conseguiram explicar o seu
significado no contexto da situação. O estudo mostra ainda que os alunos têm
dificuldade em escolher a medida estatística mais adequada para representar uma
distribuição, bem como em explicar o significado de média e mediana no contexto. No
que concerne à representação gráfica, nomeadamente, os histogramas e diagrama de
extremos e quartis, os alunos evidenciaram ter compreendido como se constroem, no
entanto, manifestaram algumas dificuldades na interpretação dos diagramas de extremos
e quartis.
Este trabalho constituiu uma reflexão sobre a minha prática profissional tendo
contribuído para melhorar o meu desempenho e aprofundar os conhecimentos
relacionados com a Estatística.
This report concerns a Teaching Unit on Data Treatment in the seventh grade of middle school, within which a study was conducted in order to understand the understanding and the difficulties displayed by the students in concepts and procedures related with statistical measures and representation and interpretation of data. The students involved in the study are from a seventh grade class of a public school in the suburbs of Lisbon. The process of planning the Teaching Unit involves a sequence of tasks that I developed in order to help students to complete each stage of a statistical study. In every class the students were indicated to work in pairs or groups and that there was also an analysis and discussion in large group. To gather information, there were used two different methods: (i) participant observation with audio and/or video recording, and (ii) collection of the written work done by the students, in particular the solution of the tasks as well as the final test. Through data analysis, I was able to conclude that students did part of the intended work and deepened other that they initiated in previous years, especially relating the media and the mode. During the course of classes, by solving tasks and the final test, the students show that they have understood the procedures used to calculate the median and other quartiles, even though not all of them were able to explain their meaning in the context of each situation. The study also shows that students have difficulties in choosing the most appropriate statistical measure to represent a distribution, as well as in explaining the significance of the mean and the median. Regarding the graphic representation, namely the histograms and the boxplots, the students show that they have understood how to build them, but expressed some difficulties in the interpretation of the boxplots. This work represents a reflection about my professional practice and has helped me improving my performance as a teacher and has deepened my knowledge in the domain of statistics.
This report concerns a Teaching Unit on Data Treatment in the seventh grade of middle school, within which a study was conducted in order to understand the understanding and the difficulties displayed by the students in concepts and procedures related with statistical measures and representation and interpretation of data. The students involved in the study are from a seventh grade class of a public school in the suburbs of Lisbon. The process of planning the Teaching Unit involves a sequence of tasks that I developed in order to help students to complete each stage of a statistical study. In every class the students were indicated to work in pairs or groups and that there was also an analysis and discussion in large group. To gather information, there were used two different methods: (i) participant observation with audio and/or video recording, and (ii) collection of the written work done by the students, in particular the solution of the tasks as well as the final test. Through data analysis, I was able to conclude that students did part of the intended work and deepened other that they initiated in previous years, especially relating the media and the mode. During the course of classes, by solving tasks and the final test, the students show that they have understood the procedures used to calculate the median and other quartiles, even though not all of them were able to explain their meaning in the context of each situation. The study also shows that students have difficulties in choosing the most appropriate statistical measure to represent a distribution, as well as in explaining the significance of the mean and the median. Regarding the graphic representation, namely the histograms and the boxplots, the students show that they have understood how to build them, but expressed some difficulties in the interpretation of the boxplots. This work represents a reflection about my professional practice and has helped me improving my performance as a teacher and has deepened my knowledge in the domain of statistics.
Descrição
Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Educação (Didática da Matemática), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2013
Palavras-chave
Matemática - Estudo e ensino Tratamento de dados Medidas estatísticas Representação gráfica Relatórios de estágio de mestrado - 2013