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Preditores da vítima de bullying
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Resumo(s)
O bullying tradicional cumpre os critérios de intencionalidade, repetitividade e de desiquilíbrio de poder. O cyberbullying, cuja prevalência tem aumentado, apresenta algumas diferenças. O bullying resulta da associação entre variáveis intra e interindiviuais e não há uma única explicação para que umas crianças sofram de bullying e outras não.
Os fatores de risco de bullying tradicional mais robustos foram o ambiente familiar, a vitimização prévia, o estatuto sócio-económico, a aparência física, a auto-estima, o estatuto social, as capacidades cognitiva e motora, os problemas emocionais, a ansiedade social, o ambiente escolar e o desempenho académico. Para o cyberbullying, foram o ambiente familiar, a vitimização prévia, o estatuto sócio-económico, o desempenho académico e a dependência da internet, considerando-se o controlo emocional um fator protetor. Cada um dos géneros está mais propenso a sofrer um tipo específico de bullying. Sugere-se diminuição da vitimização tradicional com a idade, sem relação clara quanto ao cyberbullying. Os problemas de comportamento provavelmente estão mais associados às vítimas-agressoras.
Existem semelhanças e transferência de papéis do contexto físico para o virtual e vice versa, sendo possível considerar o cyberbullying uma nova forma de bullying tradicional.
Traditional bullying meets the criteria of intentionality, repeatability and power imbalance. Cyberbullying, whose prevalence has raised, has some differences. Bullying results from an association between intra and interindividual variables and there is not a single explanation for some children suffer from bullying and others don’t. The most robust risk factors found for traditional bullying victimization were family environment, previous victimization, socio-economic status, physical appearance, self-esteem, social status, cognitive and motor capacities, emotional problems, social anxiety, school environment and academic performance. For cyberbullying victimization, were family environment, previous victimization, socio-economic status, academic performance and internet’s dependency. Emotional control was found as a protective factor. Each one of the genders is more prone to suffer from a specific type of bullying. It is suggested a traditional victimization decrease with age, without a clear relation with cyberbullying. Behavior problems are probably more associated to aggressor-victims. There are elements in common and role transference from the physical context to the virtual context and vice versa and it is possible to consider that cyberbullying is a new way of traditional bullying.
Traditional bullying meets the criteria of intentionality, repeatability and power imbalance. Cyberbullying, whose prevalence has raised, has some differences. Bullying results from an association between intra and interindividual variables and there is not a single explanation for some children suffer from bullying and others don’t. The most robust risk factors found for traditional bullying victimization were family environment, previous victimization, socio-economic status, physical appearance, self-esteem, social status, cognitive and motor capacities, emotional problems, social anxiety, school environment and academic performance. For cyberbullying victimization, were family environment, previous victimization, socio-economic status, academic performance and internet’s dependency. Emotional control was found as a protective factor. Each one of the genders is more prone to suffer from a specific type of bullying. It is suggested a traditional victimization decrease with age, without a clear relation with cyberbullying. Behavior problems are probably more associated to aggressor-victims. There are elements in common and role transference from the physical context to the virtual context and vice versa and it is possible to consider that cyberbullying is a new way of traditional bullying.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2017
Palavras-chave
Bullying Cyberbullying Psiquiatria