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Authors
Abstract(s)
As macroalgas são essenciais para realizar a monitorização das florestas marinhas e garantir o sequestro de carbono, funcionando também como fontes sustentáveis de compostos bioativos. Neste sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil nutricional e bioatividades de três macroalgas pouco caracterizadas da costa Portuguesa, por fim a estabelecer uma boa base de informação para realizar futuras aplicações na indústria alimentar animal e humana. Pretendeu-se também aferir o nível de influência sazonal nos diversos parâmetros avaliados, por amostragem no mesmo local no verão e inverno. O estudo da composição bioquímica proximal das duas macroalgas castanhas, E. selaginoides e B. bifurcata, e da alga verde do género Codium revelou resultados semelhantes à literatura, destacando-se o teor elevado de lípidos B. bifurcata de verão (9,9 ± 0,03 % ps). A análise dos perfis de ácidos gordos revelou diferenças entre a alga verde e as algas castanhas com valores relativos de ácidos gordos polinsaturados (PUFA) mais elevados na alga Codium sp.. Nesta alga predominaram PUFA n-3, ao contrário das algas castanhas onde se verificou um maior teor relativo de PUFA n-6. O ácido palmítico (C16:0) foi elevado em todas as macroalgas, o ácido araquidónico (C20:4 n-6) foi o principal PUFA nas macroalgas castanhas e o ácido α-linolénico (C18:3 n-3) o mais prevalente na alga verde. O ácido eicosapentaenóico (C20:5 n-3) estava presente em todas as algas com valores relativos entre 2,2 e 6,1 %. A distribuição das classes lipídicas revelou diferenças significativas maioritariamente entre algas. Quantificaram-se também outros compostos bioativos, registando-se teores mais elevados de polifenóis nos extratos de B. bifurcata, sem diferenças significativas. A atividade antioxidante quantificada pelos métodos 1,1-difenil-2-picril-hidrazilo (DPPH), Antioxidante Redutor do Ião Férrico (FRAP) e 2,2’-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolina-6- sulfónico) (ABTS) foi considerável para as três algas. Detetou-se atividade anti-inflamatória em todas as algas, com destaque para o extrato de verão da E. selaginoides com o valor elevado de 94.2 ± 4.0 % de inibição de COX-2. Os resultados obtidos indicam que estas macroalgas têm um potencial biotecnológico significativo, sendo necessária mais investigação, nomeadamente para determinar a bioacessibilidade de alguns compostos e estudar a sua aplicabilidade como alimentos funcionais e suplementos nutricionais.
ABSTRACT - Macroalgae are essential to monitor marine forests and ensure carbon sequestration, also functioning as sustainable sources of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the nutritional profile and bioactivities of three understudied macroalgae from the Portuguese Coast. The goal was to establish an information base to carry out future applications in the animal feed industry and human food. Moreover, the seasonal influence was assessed by sampling in the same place in both summer and winter. The study of the biochemical composition of the two brown macroalgae, E. selaginoides and B. bifurcata, and the green seaweed of the genus Codium, revealed similar results to those found in the literature, highlighting the high content of summer B. bifurcata lipids (9.9 ± 0 .03 % dw). The analysis of fatty acid profiles revealed differences between green and brown seaweed with higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) relative values in Codium sp.. In this macroalgae, PUFA n-3 predominated, unlike in brown algae, where there was a higher relative content of PUFA n-6. Palmitic acid (C16:0) was of note in all macroalgae, arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) was the main PUFA in brown macroalgae, and α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) was the most prevalent in the green seaweed. Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3) was present in all samples with relative values between 2.2 and 6.1 %. The distribution of lipid classes revealed differences especially between algae. In addition, other bioactive compounds were also quantified, recording higher levels of polyphenols in the extracts of B. bifurcata, with no significant differences. The antioxidant activity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic) (ABTS) methods with significant results for the three seaweed. Anti-inflammatory activity was detected in all algae, especially in the summer extract of E. selaginoides which reached 94.2 ± 4.0% of COX-2 inhibition. The results attained indicate that these macroalgae have significant biotechnological potential that requires further research, namely to determine the bioaccessibility of some compounds and study their applicability as functional foods and nutritional supplements.
ABSTRACT - Macroalgae are essential to monitor marine forests and ensure carbon sequestration, also functioning as sustainable sources of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the nutritional profile and bioactivities of three understudied macroalgae from the Portuguese Coast. The goal was to establish an information base to carry out future applications in the animal feed industry and human food. Moreover, the seasonal influence was assessed by sampling in the same place in both summer and winter. The study of the biochemical composition of the two brown macroalgae, E. selaginoides and B. bifurcata, and the green seaweed of the genus Codium, revealed similar results to those found in the literature, highlighting the high content of summer B. bifurcata lipids (9.9 ± 0 .03 % dw). The analysis of fatty acid profiles revealed differences between green and brown seaweed with higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) relative values in Codium sp.. In this macroalgae, PUFA n-3 predominated, unlike in brown algae, where there was a higher relative content of PUFA n-6. Palmitic acid (C16:0) was of note in all macroalgae, arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) was the main PUFA in brown macroalgae, and α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) was the most prevalent in the green seaweed. Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3) was present in all samples with relative values between 2.2 and 6.1 %. The distribution of lipid classes revealed differences especially between algae. In addition, other bioactive compounds were also quantified, recording higher levels of polyphenols in the extracts of B. bifurcata, with no significant differences. The antioxidant activity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic) (ABTS) methods with significant results for the three seaweed. Anti-inflammatory activity was detected in all algae, especially in the summer extract of E. selaginoides which reached 94.2 ± 4.0% of COX-2 inhibition. The results attained indicate that these macroalgae have significant biotechnological potential that requires further research, namely to determine the bioaccessibility of some compounds and study their applicability as functional foods and nutritional supplements.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária. Área científica Produção Animal, Segurança Alimentar
Keywords
Macroalgas Compostos bioquímicos Compostos bioativos Variação sazonal Seaweeds Biochemical compounds Bioactive compounds Seasonal variation
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Pedro JR. 2022. Variação sazonal da composição bioquímica e bioatividade de três macroalgas (Ericaria selaginoides, Bifurcaria bifurcata e Codium sp.) do concelho de Cascais [dissertação de mestrado]. Lisboa: FMV-Universidade de Lisboa.
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária