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A Relação Brasil-NATO em matéria de Ameaças não Tradicionais à Segurança no Atlântico Sul (2000-2024): Um Estudo sob a Perspetiva do Complexo Regional de Segurança
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Este estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar como as dimensões não tradicionais das ameaças à segurança no Atlântico Sul promoveram a relação entre a NATO e o Brasil, assim como alteraram a situação regional de segurança. Ao entrar no século XXI, a descoberta de energia no Atlântico Sul conduziu à proliferação dos crimes transnacionais e tornou o oceano um novo espaço de competição geopolítica, na qual a NATO e o Brasil têm sido intervenientes importantes. Perante a tentativa da Aliança de reforçar a cooperação pan-atlântica em termos da segurança marítima, a postura brasileira passou da defesa, com a formação do sub-complexo sul-atlântico assente na Zona de Paz e Cooperação do Atlântico Sul (ZOPACAS), para a adesão ao “Aliado Prioritário Extra-NATO”. Neste sentido, o trabalho procurou identificar os interesses do Brasil e da NATO no contexto da proliferação das ameaças não tradicionais no Atlântico Sul e, de acordo com a Teoria do Complexo Regional de Segurança, pesquisou a transformação do seu padrão da relação, bem como a sua influência na situação de segurança regional. Metodologicamente, o estudo baseou-se numa abordagem qualitativa, realizada principalmente pela comparação das suas interações ao longo do tempo nos domínios da segurança da energia, do combate aos crimes transnacionais e da segurança cibernética. Conclui-se que a proliferação das ameaças não tradicionais ofereceu uma oportunidade de avanço e temas concretos à aproximação entre o Brasil e a NATO e, subsequentemente, intensificando a penetração da NATO na região, a interação de segurança dentro da ZOPACAS, bem como a competição geopolítica entre outras potências externas.
The general objective of this study is to analyse how the non-traditional security threats in the South Atlantic have promoted the relationship between NATO and Brazil, as well as altered the regional security landscape. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the discovery of energy in the South Atlantic has led to an upsurge in transnational crimes and turned the ocean into a new arena of geopolitical competition, in which NATO and Brazil are key players. Faced with NATO’s attempt to strengthen pan-Atlantic cooperation in terms of maritime security, Brazil’s posture shifted from defence, with the formation of the South Atlantic sub-complex based on the Zone of Peace and Cooperation of the South Atlantic (ZOPACAS), to joining the “Major Non-NATO Ally”. In this sense, this work aims to identify the interests of Brazil and NATO in the context of the proliferation of non-traditional threats in the South Atlantic and to evaluate, based on the Regional Security Complex Theory, the transformation of the relationship between the two entities and its influence on the regional security situation. In terms of methodology, this dissertation deploys a qualitative approach, carried out primarily by comparing their interactions over time in the fields of energy security, combating transnational crimes and cyber security. It is concluded that the proliferation of non-traditional threats provided a breakthrough point and specific areas for the proximity between Brazil and NATO and, subsequently, enhanced NATO’s penetration of the region, security interaction within the ZOPACAS, as well as geopolitical competition between other external powers.
The general objective of this study is to analyse how the non-traditional security threats in the South Atlantic have promoted the relationship between NATO and Brazil, as well as altered the regional security landscape. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the discovery of energy in the South Atlantic has led to an upsurge in transnational crimes and turned the ocean into a new arena of geopolitical competition, in which NATO and Brazil are key players. Faced with NATO’s attempt to strengthen pan-Atlantic cooperation in terms of maritime security, Brazil’s posture shifted from defence, with the formation of the South Atlantic sub-complex based on the Zone of Peace and Cooperation of the South Atlantic (ZOPACAS), to joining the “Major Non-NATO Ally”. In this sense, this work aims to identify the interests of Brazil and NATO in the context of the proliferation of non-traditional threats in the South Atlantic and to evaluate, based on the Regional Security Complex Theory, the transformation of the relationship between the two entities and its influence on the regional security situation. In terms of methodology, this dissertation deploys a qualitative approach, carried out primarily by comparing their interactions over time in the fields of energy security, combating transnational crimes and cyber security. It is concluded that the proliferation of non-traditional threats provided a breakthrough point and specific areas for the proximity between Brazil and NATO and, subsequently, enhanced NATO’s penetration of the region, security interaction within the ZOPACAS, as well as geopolitical competition between other external powers.
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Brasil NATO Atlântico Sul Segurança Não Tradicional Complexo Regional de Segurança Brazil South Atlantic Non-Traditional Security Regional Security Complex