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Estudo piloto de uma intervenção de estratégias de savoring em crianças do 1º ciclo : avaliação da eficácia e impactos no bem-estar subjectivo
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Resumo(s)
O savoring define-se como a capacidade para prestar atenção, apreciar e potencializar as
experiências emocionais positivas. Os estudos sobre estratégias de savoring em crianças
são escassos, contudo estudos sobre promoção destas estratégias em adultos revelam
resultados promissores no bem-estar. Os resultados de uma revisão sistemática de
literatura sobre intervenções baseadas na promoção de savoring em crianças, revelaram
a inexistência deste tipo de programas. O presente estudo pretende desenhar e
implementar uma intervenção para promover estratégias de savoring em crianças do 1º
ciclo; avaliar a qualidade e a adequação da implementação; e avaliar a eficácia da
intervenção e os seus efeitos no bem-estar subjetivo das crianças. Para isso, adotou-se um
desenho quase-experimental, sem grupo de controlo, com recolha de dados quantitativos
pré e pós intervenção, e recolha de dados quantitativos e qualitativos ao longo da
intervenção. A amostra foi constituída por 21crianças entre os 9 e 10 anos de uma escola
pública em Almada. Para a avaliação dos efeitos aplicaram-se os questionários
Autorregulação das Emoções Positivas para Crianças, Positive And Negative Affect
Scale – Children and Adolescents e Mental Health Continuum - Short Form. Para a
avaliação da qualidade de implementação, foram preenchidas fichas de avaliação pelas
facilitadoras da intervenção e fichas de satisfação pelos participantes em todas as sessões.
Realizaram-se testes t para amostras independentes para a verificação de diferenças entre
os sexos em pré teste e para amostras emparelhadas para avaliar os efeitos. Calculou-se
coeficientes de correlação intraclasse (CCI), para medir o grau de acordo entre as
avaliações feitas pelas duas facilitadoras e percentagens do grau de satisfação dos
participantes para cada sessão. Embora não havendo diferenças estatisticamente
significativas, os resultados revelaram um aumento das estratégias de construção de
memórias, e do bem-estar emocional e psicológico, sendo a dimensão do efeito moderada
a forte. O CCI revelou um acordo moderado entre as avaliações das sessões, indiciador
de boa adequação da intervenção e as percentagens revelaram um elevado nível de
satisfação dos participantes. Este estudo piloto, de uma intervenção inovadora, apresenta
contributos relevantes ao nível conceptual, metodológico e aplicado, em particular
resultados promissores na promoção de estratégias cognitivas de savoring e do bem-estar
subjectivo. No final, apresentam-se as limitações do estudo e sugestões para o futuro.
Savoring is defined as the ability to pay attention, to appreciate and embrace positive emotional experiences. Studies on savoring strategies in children are rare, however studies on promoting these strategies in adults show promising results in well-being. The results of a systematic review of the literature on interventions based on the promotion of savoring in children revealed the inexistence of this type of programs. The present study intends to design and implement an intervention to promote savoring strategies in primary school children; assess the quality and adequacy of implementation; and to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention and its effects on children's subjective well-being. A quasi-experimental design was adopted, without a control group, with pre- and postintervention quantitative data collection, and quantitative and qualitative data collection throughout the intervention. The sample consisted of 21 children between 9 and 10 years old from a public school in Almada. To evaluate the effects, the questionnaires Autorregulação das Emoções Positivas para Crianças, Positive and Negative Affect Scale – Children and Adolescents and Mental Health Continuum - Short Form were applied. To evaluate the quality of implementation, evaluation forms were filled in by the intervention facilitators and satisfaction forms by the participants in all sessions. T tests were performed for independent samples to verify differences between the sexes in pretest and for paired samples to evaluate the effects between pre and posttest. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to measure the degree of agreement between the assessments made by the two facilitators and percentages of the participants' degree of satisfaction for each session. Although there were no statistically significant differences, the results revealed an increase in memory-building strategies and in emotional and psychological well-being, with the effect size being moderate to strong. The CCI revealed a moderate agreement between the evaluations of the sessions, an indicator of good adequacy of the intervention and the percentages revealed a high level of satisfaction of the participants. This pilot study, of an innovative intervention, gives relevant contributions at the conceptual, methodological, and applied levels, namely promising results in the promotion of cognitive savoring strategies and subjective wellbeing. At the end, we present the study limitations and suggestions for future studies.
Savoring is defined as the ability to pay attention, to appreciate and embrace positive emotional experiences. Studies on savoring strategies in children are rare, however studies on promoting these strategies in adults show promising results in well-being. The results of a systematic review of the literature on interventions based on the promotion of savoring in children revealed the inexistence of this type of programs. The present study intends to design and implement an intervention to promote savoring strategies in primary school children; assess the quality and adequacy of implementation; and to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention and its effects on children's subjective well-being. A quasi-experimental design was adopted, without a control group, with pre- and postintervention quantitative data collection, and quantitative and qualitative data collection throughout the intervention. The sample consisted of 21 children between 9 and 10 years old from a public school in Almada. To evaluate the effects, the questionnaires Autorregulação das Emoções Positivas para Crianças, Positive and Negative Affect Scale – Children and Adolescents and Mental Health Continuum - Short Form were applied. To evaluate the quality of implementation, evaluation forms were filled in by the intervention facilitators and satisfaction forms by the participants in all sessions. T tests were performed for independent samples to verify differences between the sexes in pretest and for paired samples to evaluate the effects between pre and posttest. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to measure the degree of agreement between the assessments made by the two facilitators and percentages of the participants' degree of satisfaction for each session. Although there were no statistically significant differences, the results revealed an increase in memory-building strategies and in emotional and psychological well-being, with the effect size being moderate to strong. The CCI revealed a moderate agreement between the evaluations of the sessions, an indicator of good adequacy of the intervention and the percentages revealed a high level of satisfaction of the participants. This pilot study, of an innovative intervention, gives relevant contributions at the conceptual, methodological, and applied levels, namely promising results in the promotion of cognitive savoring strategies and subjective wellbeing. At the end, we present the study limitations and suggestions for future studies.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Cognitivo-Comportamental e Integrativa), 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia
Palavras-chave
Bem-estar Crianças Psicologia positiva Saúde mental Autorregulação Dissertações de mestrado - 2022