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Identificação de parasitas gastrointestinais de pequenos mamíferos em associações de resgate e abrigo animal e uma quinta pedagógica
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Recentemente observa-se um aumento de interesse por pequenos mamíferos de companhia e por experiências que conectem as pessoas aos animais e a um ambiente rural, como proporcionado através de quintas pedagógicas. O aumento de aquisição destes animais pode despoletar a necessidade de organizações que acolham os mesmos, até uma posterior adoção responsável, devido a diversas circunstâncias, como abandono ou impossibilidade de cuidados adequados. Como tal, têm sido criadas associações privadas de resgate e abrigo para animais exóticos, das quais não há registos oficiais, e o cuidado e monitorização médico veterinária dos animais provém de doações, estando limitado às mesmas. As quintas pedagógicas também exercem um papel no acolhimento destes animais. Considerando a proximidade e partilha de espaço entre animais, tal como a proximidade humano-animal nestas instituições, com um potencial risco zoonótico, é importante averiguar a presença de parasitas gastrointestinais. Foram realizados rastreios parasitológicos em duas associações de resgate e uma quinta pedagógica em Portugal, através das técnicas de Mini-FLOTAC e de flutuação de Willis. Obteve-se um total de 29 amostras fecais ambientais de indivíduos ou grupos de animais (equivalentes a 73 animais): 11 amostras de coelhos (n=19 coelhos), 8 de ratazanas (n=38), 4 de gerbos (n=7), duas de porquinhos-da-índia (n=2), duas de hamsters (n=2), uma de murganhos (n=3) e uma de degus (n=2). Foi detetada a presença de parasitas gastrointestinais em 34,5% (n=10) das amostras (equivalentes a 29 animais), todas pertencentes às associações de resgate. Não foram observadas formas parasitárias nas amostras da quinta pedagógica. Verificou-se uma ocorrência de 37% de Eimeria spp. (correspondente a 36,4% das amostras dos coelhos), 27% de Aspiculuris tetraptera (50% e 100% das amostras de gerbos e murganhos, respetivamente), 18% de Syphacia obvelata (50% das amostras de gerbos) e 18% de Syphacia muris (25% das amostras de ratazanas). Os resultados evidenciaram uma predominância de nematodes, particularmente de oxiurídeos, dos quais existem relatos de infeções humanas por S. obvelata e S. muris, embora não sejam reconhecidas como espécies zoonóticas. Apesar disso, dado a notável resistência dos ovos de oxiurídeos, a sua identificação indica um potencial risco de saúde pública. Isto ressalta a importância de investigações aprofundadas nesta área e da monitorização em instituições animais, especialmente nas associações de resgate que acolhem ou são exclusivamente dedicadas a animais exóticos
Recently, there has been an increase in interest in small companion mammals and in experiences that connect people with animals and a rural environment, such as those provided by educational farms. The increase in the acquisition of these animals may highlight the need for organizations that provide shelter until a responsible adoption, due to various circumstances such as abandonment or the inability to provide adequate care. As such, private rescue and shelter associations of exotic animals have been created, which do not have official records, and the veterinary medical care and monitoring of the animals come from donations, being limited by them. Educational farms also play a role in accommodating these animals. Given the proximity and shared spaces among animals, as well as the human-animal proximity in these institutions, with a potential zoonotic risk, it is important to investigate the presence of gastrointestinal parasites. Parasitological screenings were conducted in two rescue associations and one educational farm in Portugal, using the Mini-FLOTAC and Willis flotation techniques. A total of 29 environmental fecal samples were obtained from individual or groups of animals (equivalent to 73 animals): 11 samples from rabbits (n=19 rabbits), 8 from rats (n=38), 4 from gerbils (n=7), 2 from guinea pigs (n=2), 2 from hamsters (n=2), one from mice (n=3) and one from degus (n=2). The presence of gastrointestinal parasites was detected in 34.5% (n=10) of the samples (equivalent to 29 animals), all belonging to the rescue associations. No parasitic forms were observed in the samples from the educational farm. An occurrence of 37% of Eimeria spp. was observed (corresponding to 36.4% of the rabbit samples), 27% of Aspiculuris tetraptera (50% and 100% of the gerbil and mice samples, respectively), 18% of Syphacia obvelata (50% of the gerbil samples) and 18% of Syphacia muris (25% of the rat samples). The results showed a predominance of nematodes, particularly pinworms, for which there are reports of human infections by S. obvelata and S. muris, although they are not recognized as zoonotic species. Despite this, given the remarkable resistance of pinworm eggs, their identification indicates a potential public health risk. This highlights the importance of in-depth investigations in this area and monitoring in animal institutions, especially in rescue associations that host or are exclusively dedicated to exotic animals
Recently, there has been an increase in interest in small companion mammals and in experiences that connect people with animals and a rural environment, such as those provided by educational farms. The increase in the acquisition of these animals may highlight the need for organizations that provide shelter until a responsible adoption, due to various circumstances such as abandonment or the inability to provide adequate care. As such, private rescue and shelter associations of exotic animals have been created, which do not have official records, and the veterinary medical care and monitoring of the animals come from donations, being limited by them. Educational farms also play a role in accommodating these animals. Given the proximity and shared spaces among animals, as well as the human-animal proximity in these institutions, with a potential zoonotic risk, it is important to investigate the presence of gastrointestinal parasites. Parasitological screenings were conducted in two rescue associations and one educational farm in Portugal, using the Mini-FLOTAC and Willis flotation techniques. A total of 29 environmental fecal samples were obtained from individual or groups of animals (equivalent to 73 animals): 11 samples from rabbits (n=19 rabbits), 8 from rats (n=38), 4 from gerbils (n=7), 2 from guinea pigs (n=2), 2 from hamsters (n=2), one from mice (n=3) and one from degus (n=2). The presence of gastrointestinal parasites was detected in 34.5% (n=10) of the samples (equivalent to 29 animals), all belonging to the rescue associations. No parasitic forms were observed in the samples from the educational farm. An occurrence of 37% of Eimeria spp. was observed (corresponding to 36.4% of the rabbit samples), 27% of Aspiculuris tetraptera (50% and 100% of the gerbil and mice samples, respectively), 18% of Syphacia obvelata (50% of the gerbil samples) and 18% of Syphacia muris (25% of the rat samples). The results showed a predominance of nematodes, particularly pinworms, for which there are reports of human infections by S. obvelata and S. muris, although they are not recognized as zoonotic species. Despite this, given the remarkable resistance of pinworm eggs, their identification indicates a potential public health risk. This highlights the importance of in-depth investigations in this area and monitoring in animal institutions, especially in rescue associations that host or are exclusively dedicated to exotic animals
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Sanidade Animal
Palavras-chave
Parasitas gastrointestinais Pequenos mamíferos Associações de resgate Nematodes oxiurídeos Syphacia spp. Gastrointestinal parasites Small mammals Rescue associations Oxyurid nematodes Syphacia spp.