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Estilo de vinculação e relações extra-diádicas : satisfação relacional e atitudes como mediadores
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O estilo de vinculação, enquanto parte essencial nas dinâmicas relacionais, tem sido
largamente estudado e a sua influência nas relações românticas é inegável. No presente estudo,
interessou-nos explorar o papel que o estilo de vinculação desempenha nas relações extradiádicas.
Partindo de uma abordagem dimensional da vinculação adulta, colocou-se a hipótese de
que o efeito dos estilos de vinculação evitante ou preocupado na ocorrência de comportamentos
extra-diádicos será mediado pela satisfação relacional e pelas atitudes relativamente a
comportamentos extra-relacionais. Especificamente para este estudo e de forma a avaliar o papel
mediador das atitudes, tornou-se necessário construir uma escala de atitudes quanto à infidelidade,
o que não tinha sido feito até ao momento. Era esperado que os indivíduos evitantes tivessem
atitudes mais positivas em relação a comportamentos extra-relacionais, o que, aliado a uma
inerente insatisfação relacional, levaria a uma maior probabilidade de adoptar comportamentos
extra-relacionais. Nos indivíduos preocupados, apesar de poderem ter atitudes negativas
relativamente aos mesmos comportamentos, a insatisfação relacional também os levaria a adoptar
comportamentos extra-relacionais. Os dados foram recolhidos através da aplicação de
questionários on-line e a amostra constituída por 155 sujeitos. De uma forma geral, os resultados
apoiaram as hipóteses. Através deste estudo foi ainda possível distinguir diferentes tipos de
infidelidade, como infidelidade causada por insatisfação relacional, infidelidade como fuga à
rotina e infidelidade como forma de melhorar a auto-estima. Encontrou-se ainda um tipo de
infidelidade em que, apesar de o indivíduo estar satisfeito com a relação e ter atitudes negativas
face à mesma, teve comportamentos extra-relacionais motivados essencialmente pela
atractividade da outra pessoa. Este tipo de transgressão na relação é, geralmente, acompanhado
por sentimentos de culpa.
The attachment style, as an essential part of relational dynamics, has been widely studied and its influence in romantic relationships is undeniable. In this study, We were interested in exploring the role attachment style plays in extra-dyadic relationships. From a dimensional approach to adult attachment, it was hypothesized that the effect of avoidant or preoccupied attachment styles in the occurrence of extra-dyadic behavior is mediated by relational satisfaction and by attitudes toward extra-relational behaviors. Specifically for this study and to assess the role of the attitudes, it became necessary to construct a scale of attitudes toward infidelity, something which had not been done so far. It was expected that avoidant individuals would have more positive attitudes toward extra-relational behaviors, which, combined with an inherent relational dissatisfaction, would lead to a greater likelihood of adopting extra-relational behaviors. Among preoccupied individuals, although they may have negative attitudes to the same behaviors, relational dissatisfaction would also lead them to adopt extra-relational behaviors. Data was collected thought on-line questionnaires in a sample of 155 subjects. Overall, the results supported the hypotheses. Over this study it was also possible to distinguish different kinds of infidelity, such as infidelity caused by relational dissatisfaction, infidelity as an escape from the routine and infidelity in order to improve self-esteem. It was also found an infidelity type where the individual had extra-relational behaviors essentially motivated by the other person’s attractiveness, although he/she is satisfied in the relationship and has negative attitudes toward infidelity. This type of transgression in the relationship is generally accompanied by feelings of guilt.
The attachment style, as an essential part of relational dynamics, has been widely studied and its influence in romantic relationships is undeniable. In this study, We were interested in exploring the role attachment style plays in extra-dyadic relationships. From a dimensional approach to adult attachment, it was hypothesized that the effect of avoidant or preoccupied attachment styles in the occurrence of extra-dyadic behavior is mediated by relational satisfaction and by attitudes toward extra-relational behaviors. Specifically for this study and to assess the role of the attitudes, it became necessary to construct a scale of attitudes toward infidelity, something which had not been done so far. It was expected that avoidant individuals would have more positive attitudes toward extra-relational behaviors, which, combined with an inherent relational dissatisfaction, would lead to a greater likelihood of adopting extra-relational behaviors. Among preoccupied individuals, although they may have negative attitudes to the same behaviors, relational dissatisfaction would also lead them to adopt extra-relational behaviors. Data was collected thought on-line questionnaires in a sample of 155 subjects. Overall, the results supported the hypotheses. Over this study it was also possible to distinguish different kinds of infidelity, such as infidelity caused by relational dissatisfaction, infidelity as an escape from the routine and infidelity in order to improve self-esteem. It was also found an infidelity type where the individual had extra-relational behaviors essentially motivated by the other person’s attractiveness, although he/she is satisfied in the relationship and has negative attitudes toward infidelity. This type of transgression in the relationship is generally accompanied by feelings of guilt.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Núcleo de Psicoterapia Cognitiva-Comportamental e Integrativa), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2011
Palavras-chave
Vinculação Satisfação relacional Motivação Atitudes Teses de mestrado - 2011